PPD or OA administration alleviates neuron loss in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. (A) Representative images of Nissl staining in the CA1, DG, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in WT mice, APP/PS1 mice, and APP/PS1 mice treated with PPD or OA. The red rectangles indicate the CA1, DG, and CA3 regions. Scale bars: 400 μm in the hippocampus; 100 μm in CA1, DG, and CA3 regions. (B-D) Quantification of the Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA1 (B), DG (C), and CA3 (D) regions of WT mice, APP/PS1 mice, and APP/PS1 mice treated with PPD or OA. n = 5–6 mice per group. Error bars represent the mean ± SD. ∗∗p < 0.01, compared with the WT group; #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01, compared with the APP/PS1 group. PPD, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol; OA, oleanolic acid; WT, wild type; DG, dentate gyrus; CA, cornu ammonis; SD, standard deviation.