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. 2020 Dec 11;45(2):354–360. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.12.003

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

The effect of PPT on Src/AKT/NF-κB signal pathway. (A) HaCaT cells were pretreated with BAY11-7082 (10 μM), an inhibitor of IKKα, for 30 min and incubated in the presence of PPT (25 μM) for 24 h. The mRNA levels of FLG, TGM-1, HAS-1, and HAS-2 were measured by RT-PCR. (B and C) HEK293 cells overexpressing NF-kB-luc were treated with PPT (12.5 and 25 μM) and retinol (10 μg/mL) for 24 h (B) or pretreated with BAY11-7082 (10 μM) and incubated in the presence of PPT (25 μM) for 24 h (C). A galactosidase construct was used as a control, and luciferase activity was measured using a luminometer. (D) The effects of PPT on phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, p50 and p65 were measured by immunoblot analysis after PPT (12.5 and 25 μM) and retinol (10 μg/mL) treatment for 24 h. (E) The effects of PPT on phosphorylation of Src (Tyr416 and Tyr527) and AKT were measured by immunoblot analysis with PPT (12.5 and 25 μM) and retinol (10 μg/mL) treatment for 24 h. ∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01 compared with normal groups. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 compared with control groups.