. 2020 Aug 7;45(2):334–343. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.08.001

Table 1.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, F2, and CK following the oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats treated with placebo, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and fibersol-2, respectively

Groups	Parameters	Control	FOS	GOS	Fibersol-2
Rb1	T_max¹⁾ (h)	4.40 ± 1.52^a⁴⁾	6.30 ± 2.82^a	3.2 ± 3.55^ab	1.00 ± 1.12^b
	C_max²⁾ (ng/ml)	657.75 ± 128.02^a	1527.93 ± 342.81^ab	1206.83 ± 125.70^b	3883.77 ± 2369.26^ab
	AUC³⁾ (ng/ml∗h)	13695.33 ± 1077.54^a	34494.77 ± 8770.73^bc	30813.79 ± 3334.99^b	42110.46 ± 6452.33^c
	T_1/2 (h)	15.52 ± 1.58^ab	19.39 ± 4.44^b	19.73 ± 2.06^b	24.23 ± 4.81^bc
Rd	T_max (h)	7.60 ± 1.67^a	7.60 ± 0.89^a	6.40 ± 0.89^a	7.60 ± 1.67^a
	C_max (ng/ml)	88.98 ± 24.30^a	109.93 ± 25.05^ab	156.25 ± 38.96^b	145.06 ± 67.24^ab
	AUC (ng/ml∗h)	848.74 ± 140.63^a	1616.98 ± 321.59^b	1479.93 ± 381.35^b	1754.98 ± 335.76^b
	T_1/2 (h)	11.93 ± 7.54^a	15.20 ± 5.17^a	18.63 ± 18.01^a	10.35 ± 3.79^a
F2	T_max (h)	8.00 ± 2.00^a	8.00 ± 1.41^a	7.60 ± 1.67^a	6.80 ± 1.09^a
	C_max (ng/ml)	20.26 ± 6.35^a	15.23 ± 2.49^a	11.44 ± 3.44^a	35.27 ± 18.29^b
	AUC (ng/ml∗h)	103.40 ± 28.53^a	200.38 ± 41.50^b	121.97 ± 29.35^a	153.78 ± 36.00^ab
	T_{1/2 (}h)	3.06 ± 0.29^a	23.22 ± 37.78^a	4.52 ± 3.73^a	2.67 ± 0.95^a
CK	T_max (h)	1.20 ± 0.76^a	24.80 ± 15.60^b	15.30 ± 11.98^ab	29.00 ± 19.72^b
	C_max (ng/ml)	37.91 ± 10.25^a	42.94 ± 12.08^a	57.46 ± 7.17^a	53.38 ± 25.17^a
	AUC (ng/ml∗h)	591.98 ± 256.78^a	1056.88 ± 173.22^ab	1434.71 ± 415.30^b	1251.99 ± 740.67^b
	T_1/2 (h)	3.38 ± 0.26^a	92.12 ± 158.19^a	77.35 ± 129.14^a	50.86 ± 65.79^a

Values (mean ± SE) marked by different letters in the same row indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).

¹⁾

T_max, maximum drug concentration time.

²⁾

C_max, maximum plasma concentration.

³⁾

AUC, area under the blood concentration curve from 0 to 48 h.

⁴⁾

Analysis of variance is used to detect the differences in means.