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. 2021 Mar 31;13:361–375. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S300055

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© 2021 Evans et al.

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Hypothetical differences in immune response in HIV/SARS CoV-2 co-infection and SARS-CoV-2 mono-infection and potential implications in the development of COVID-19. A milder immune response is observed in HIV/SARS CoV-2 co-infection, potentially due to a chronically lower immunocompetency in patients living with managed HIV. While the patients are not immunodeficient, they are immunosuppressed. This may reduce the severity of the inflammation that occurs with infection, and lead to a better prognosis for PLWH who become infected with SARS-CoV-2. In turn this would mean a weakened cytokine storm would occur when the virus has reached the lungs and entered the blood, spreading to other organs. The weakened cytokine storm would entail lower systemic inflammation and cause less damage to other organs.