Table 1.

Cellular and Anatomical Targets of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV

SARS-CoV-2 Targets	Body System	HIV Targets
Human Epithelial cells in Pharynx, Trachea, and Bronchi, Type II Alveolar cells	Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract	Alveolar Macrophages, T cells, Fibroblasts, Bronchial Epithelial Cells, Smooth Muscle Cells
Oral Epithelium, Enterocytes of the Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum, Epithelium, Hepatocytes, Muscularis Mucosae, Muscularis Propria	Gastrointestinal Tract	GALT, TCM, TEM, TTD, Langerhans cells (Tissue-resident Macrophages), Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes, Granulocytes, T cells, B cells, Monocytes	Blood	TNA, TSCM, TCM, TEM, TTD, TMM, γδ T cell, monocyte, NK, TH
Basal Epithelium, Sebaceous Gland Smooth Muscle	Skin	Langerhans cells (Tissue-resident Macrophages), CD4+ T cells
Olfactory and Gustatory Neurons, Brain	Nervous System	CD4+ T cells, Microglia (Tissue-resident Macrophages), Astrocytes,
Endothelial Cells, Vascular Smooth Muscle, Cardiomyocytes	Cardiovascular	Smooth Muscle Cells
Adrenal Gland, Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland, Sertoli and Leydig Cells	Endocrine/Reproductive	Epithelial cells, Testis germ cells, CD4+ T cells, Macrophages
Podocytes, Mesangial cells, Epithelium, proximal cells of brush border and collecting ducts	Renal	Tubular and glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes)

Note: The types of cells shown to harbor latent HIV.

Abbreviations: GALT, gut associated lymphoid tissue; TNA, naïve T cell; TSCM, T stem cell memory; TCM, central memory T cell; TEM, effector memory T cell, TTD, terminally differentiated T cell; TMM, migratory memory T cell; NK, natural killer cell, TH, helper T cell; TFH, follicular helper T cell; TRM, tissue resident memory T cell.56–60,65,154