Extended Data Fig. 3 |. Intestine-specific Khk-C ablation increases hepatic lipogenesis.

a, Mice received 1:1 mixture of fructose and glucose (either hexose ¹³C-labeled, 2 g/kg each) via oral gavage. After 6 h, the labeling of saponified palmitate in serum, liver and jejunum was compared (N = 6 mice per group) IC, Ion count. b, Mice received normal water or 10% sucrose water for 8 weeks. Mice received 50% D₂O in the drinking water overnight. The next morning, circulating fatty acid labeling was measured. Data are reported as the total number of deuterium atoms assimilated into the indicated saponified fatty acid (product of fatty acid concentration x average number of deuteriums per fatty acid molecule) (N = 7, 8, 4, 7 mice). c, d, Fractional contribution of fructose carbons into lipogenic acetyl-CoA pools. The acetyl group labeling is inferred based on the labeled palmitate mass isotopic distribution measured 6 h after ¹³C-fructose gavage (with unlabeled glucose, 2 g/kg each) in c (N = 6, 6, 8, 9 mice), or 24 h after ad lib drinking fructose and glucose mixture (15% each, either hexose ¹³C-labeled) in d (N = 4, 5, 4, 5 mice). Data are mean ± standard error. Numbers in graphs indicate P-values by two-sided Student’s t-test.