Table 3.
Adjusted relationships between BMI and physical activity with disability among Australian adults.
| Variables | Model 1 disability (yes versus no) OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| BMI categories | ||
| Underweight (<18.50) | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 0.01 |
| Healthy weight (18.50 to <25.00) (ref) | ||
| Overweight (25.00 to <30.00) | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (≥30) | 1.33 (1.28–1.39) | <0.001 |
| Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) | ||
| Less than recommended level (ref) | ||
| Recommended level | 0.83 (0.81–0.85) | <0.001 |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||
| Age groups | ||
| 15–24 years (ref) | ||
| 25–34 years | 1.32 (1.24–1.41) | <0.001 |
| 35–44 years | 1.77 (1.65–1.90) | <0.001 |
| 45–54 years | 2.69 (2.50–2.89) | <0.001 |
| 55–64 years | 3.99 (3.71–4.30) | <0.001 |
| 65 and above years | 5.31 (4.92–5.73) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||
| Male (ref) | ||
| Female | 0.96 (0.93–1.01) | 0.16 |
| Highest educational qualification | ||
| Year 11 or below (ref) | ||
| Year 12 | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Professional courses | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 0.42 |
| Undergraduate | 0.81 (0.77–0.86) | <0.001 |
| Postgraduate | 0.75 (0.69–0.81) | <0.001 |
| Civil Status | ||
| Single (ref) | ||
| Married/living together | 0.90 (0.85–0.95) | <0.001 |
| Widow/separated/divorced | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 0.002 |
| Household income quintile | ||
| Quintile 1 (0–20%) | 1.21 (1.16–1.26) | <0.001 |
| Quintile 2 (20–40%) | 1.13 (1.09–1.17) | <0.001 |
| Quintile 3 (40–60%) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 0.16 |
| Quintile 4 (60–80%) | 1.04 (1.01–1.08) | 0.02 |
| Quintile 5 (80–100%) (ref) | ||
| Labour force status | ||
| Employed (ref) | ||
| Unemployed | 1.36 (1.28–1.44) | <0.001 |
| Not in the labour force | 1.72 (1.66–1.78) | <0.001 |
| Indigenous status | ||
| Not of indigenous origin (ref) | ||
| Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander | 1.28 (1.14–1.43) | <0.001 |
| Remoteness | ||
| Major city (ref) | ||
| Regional city | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | <0.001 |
| Remote area | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.03 |
| Lifestyle characteristics | ||
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoked (ref) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 1.24 (1.19–1.29) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 1.39 (1.33–1.46) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Never drank (ref) | ||
| Ex-drinker | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | <0.001 |
| Only rarely to 3 days/week | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) | 0.01 |
| 3+ days/week | 0.81 (0.76–0.85) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratios; ref, reference.
Values in bold are statistically significant at p < 0.05.