Table 5.
Supplementation with phytochemicals in patients.
| Intervention | Disease | N (age in years) | Biomarkers | Effect of intervention | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 capsules 250 mg pomegranate extract/day, 8 wks, DB |
rheumatoid arthritis |
55: | GPx, MDA |
GPx higher (*) |
[45] |
| 30 IG (48.4 ± 11.4) | |||||
| 25 PG (49.1 ± 12.2) | |||||
| 100 ml pomegranate juice, 3x/wk, crossover (8 wks IG/PG, 4 wks wash-out, 8 wks IG/PG), NB |
HD |
41 (18–65) | TAC, MDA, IL-6, blood pressure |
TAC increased, MDA decreased (#) |
[46] |
| 22 IG | |||||
| 19 PG | |||||
| 300 mg mulberry extract/day, 12 wks, DB |
diabetic nephropathy |
60: | TAC, NO, GSH, MDA |
IG: NO increased (+), GSH increased (#), MDA decreased (#) PG: MDA increased (#) |
[47] |
| 30 IG (63.7 ± 10.8) | |||||
| 30 PG (63.1 ± 9.6) | |||||
| 200 ml agraz (blueberry) nectar daily, crossover (4 wks intervention, 4 wks washout, 4 wks intervention), DB | MetS | 40 women (47 ± 9) | TAC (AC by DPPH), TBARS, urinary 8OHdG, 8-isoP | higher TAC, lower 8OHdG (*) | [48] |
| 3 g (=3 capsules) Melissa officinalis extract/day, 8 wks, DB |
chronic stable angina pectoris |
73: | MDA, PON1 |
MDA lower (*) PON1 higher (*) |
[49] |
| 35 IG (58.8 ± 8.3) | |||||
| 38 PG (56.5 ± 8.9) | |||||
| Genistein supplementation 2 capsules/day (54 mg), 12 wks, DB |
Type 2 diabetes |
54 women (47–69) | TAC, MDA |
MDA decreased (+), TAC higher (*) |
[50] |
| 28 IG | |||||
| 36 PG | |||||
| 2x 500 mg curcumin capsules daily, 12 wks vs. placebo, DB |
β-Thalassemia |
61: | TAC, MDA, CAT, vitamin E |
MDA decreased (#), TAC increased (+) |
[51] |
| 31 IG (25.97 ± 6.92) | |||||
| 30 PG (27.61 ± 6.23) | |||||
| 30 mg crocin/day, 4 wks, DB |
Multiple sclerosis |
40: | TAC, MDA, total thiols, DNA damage |
MDA decreased in PG (+) and IG (#) DNA damage lower in PG and IG (*) | [52] |
| 20 IG (29 ± 5) | Total thiols lower only in IG (*) | ||||
| 20 PG (31.5 ± 5.3) |
TAC increased in IG (*) |
||||
| 15 mg/day gallic acid, 1 wk, crossover, DB | type 2 diabetes | 19 (66.6 ± 7.5) | MDA, FRAP, oxLDL | oxLDL reduction in IG (+) | [53] |
| 2/day, 6 months (303 mg silybin, 10 μg vitamin D, 15 mg vitamin E), 6 months additional follow-up with no intervention vs. healthy control and vs. untreated patients, NB | NAFLD | 90 (18–85) | TBARS | TBARS “improved” by 80% in treated group after 6 months (+); significance is not clear | [54] |
| 60 received treatment, 30 did not, vs. 60 healthy controls | |||||
All biomarkers measurements in blood (unless otherwise stated); men and women included (unless otherwise stated); PG (placebo group), IG (intervention group). DB (double-blind), SB (single blind), NB (not blinded); only significant results are mentioned. Significant changes are marked by: (*) vs. PG; (+) vs. baseline; (#) vs. baseline and PG.