FIG. 7:

(a) Quartz glass nanocapillary after pulling with a laser-assisted pipet puller. The nanocapillary was coated with a 10 nm thick Pt layer to prevent charge effects. The black scale bar is 100 nm long; the inner diameter of the tip is ~ 45 nm. (b) Photograph of the PDMS cell with two reservoirs that were connected to the nanocapillary. One electrode was placed in the reservoir, facing the nanocapillary. The second electrode was inserted into the capillary from the opposite reservoir. (c) Schematic of the experimental setup with sample cell, nanocapillary and measuring circuits. (Reprinted with permission from ACS publications, Copyright 2013.¹⁰⁶)