TABLE 1:

Biological nanopores

Biological	Protein pore	Oligomer no.	Constriction diameter (nm)	Ideal biomarker/polymer class
	αHL	7	1.4	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	MspA	8	1.2	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	Phi29	12	3.6	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	Aerolysin	7	1.0–1.7	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	ClyA - I, II, III	12, 13, 14	2.2, 2.7, 4.2	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	FhuA	1	3.1	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	SP1	12	3.0	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	FraC - I, II, III	8, 7, 6	1.6, 1.1, 0.8	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	OmpG	1	2.0–2.9	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	Lysenin	9	3.0	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	CsgG	9	1.2	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	NfpAB	8	Undisclosed	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	Anthrax Toxin Pore	7	1.5	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes
	gA	2	4.0	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	VDAC	1–4	3.0–4.0	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	Perforin	4–21	3.2–5.3	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	Streptolysin O	50–80	25.0–35.0	dsDNA, dsRNA, protein, peptide, antibody capture, synthetic polyelectrolyte
	VCC	7	0.8	ssDNA, ssRNA, peptide, small metabolites, synthetic polyelectrolytes