TABLE 4:

Hybrid nanopores paired with detectable analytes

Novelty	Potential disease and related biomarker applications
Biopore in solid state membrane	AD: gene - APOE chromosome 19; gene products - Aβ isoforms, Tau PD: gene - PARKIN, PINK1, alpha-synuclein; gene product - alpha-syn, DJ1 HD: gene - HTT trinucleotide repeat (CAG) chromosome 4; gene product - mutant HTT protein ALS: gene - mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); gene product - SOD1 protein SMA: gene - SMN1 and SMN2 mutants; gene product - SMN1 and SMN2 mutant proteins LBD: similar to PD MS: gene - HLA-DR2; CNS targeted autoantibodies FRDA: gene - Frataxin trinucleotide repeat (GAA); gene product - Frataxin mutant protein
DNA origami	AD: gene - APOE chromosome 19; gene products - Aβ isoforms, Tau PD: gene - PARKIN, PINK1, alpha-synuclein; gene product - alpha-syn, DJ1 HD: gene - HTT trinucleotide repeat (CAG) chromosome 4; gene product - mutant HTT protein ALS: gene - mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1); gene product - SOD1 protein SMA: gene - SMN1 and SMN2 mutants; gene product - SMN1 and SMN2 mutant proteins LBD: similar to PD MS: gene - HLA-DR2; CNS targeted autoantibodies FRDA: gene - Frataxin trinucleotide repeat (GAA); gene product - Frataxin mutant protein