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. 2021 Apr 1;19:eRW5498. doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021RW5498

Figure 2. Pathophysiology of (A) histamine-mediated and (B) bradykinin-mediated angioedema, without urticaria.

Figure 2

Source: adapted from Bernstein JA, Cremonesi P, Hoffmann TK, Hollingsworth J. Angioedema in the emergency department: a practical guide to differential diagnosis and management. Int J Emerg Med. 2017;10(1):15. Review.(3)

IgE: immunoglobulin E; Factor XIIa: activated factor XII; B2 receptor B2: bradikinin receptor.