Table 4.
Heterogeneity of risk factor associations for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) in the context of other major NHL subtypes,* InterLymph Subtypes Project.
| Risk Factor | P ASSET§ | NHL OR (95% CI)¶ | P Homogeneity¥ | MZL OR (95% CI)¶ | Other statistically significant subtypes (direction of OR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family history of NHL | 1.7 × 10−13 | 1.79 (1.51–2.13) | 0.52 | 1.65 (1.10–2.46) | DLBCL(↑), CLL/SLL(↑), FL(↑), MCL(↑) |
| B-cell activating autoimmune disease | 3.8 × 10−22 | 1.96 (1.60–2.40) | 9.8 × 10−10 | 5.46 (3.81–7.83) | LPL/WM(↑), DLBCL (↑), PTCL(↑) |
| -Systemic lupus erythematosis | 1.9 × 10−8 | 2.83 (1.82–4.41) | 0.18 | 6.54 (3.10–13.8) | LPL/WM(↑), DLBCL (↑), MF/SS(↑), PTCL(↑) |
| - Sjögren Syndrome | 6.3 × 10−18 | 7.52 (3.68–15.4) | 7.3 × 10−9 | 38.1 (16.9–85.6) | LPL/WM(↑), DLBCL(↑), FL(↑) |
| T-cell activating autoimmune disease | 0.0053 | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 0.012 | 1.08 (0.75–1.56) | MF/SS (↑), PTCL(↑) |
| -Celiac disease | 5.2 × 10−11 | 1.77 (1.05–2.99) | 5.1 × 10−8 | -- | DLBCL(↑), PTCL(↑) |
| -Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma | 0.0051 | 1.03 (0.41–2.58) | 0.065 | 2.69 (0.50–14.7) | BL(↑), MF/SS(↑), HCL(↑) |
| Hepatitis C Virus (seropositive) | 2.3 × 10−8 | 1.81 (1.39–2.37) | 0.0021 | 3.04 (1.65–5.60) | LPL/WM(↑), DLBCL(↑), CLL/SLL(↑) |
| Allergy | 5.9 × 10−8 | 0.86 (0.81–0.92) | 0.24 | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) | DLBCL (↓), CLL/SLL(↓), FL (↓), MCL(↓), PTCL(↓) |
| Hay fever | 9.1 × 10−9 | 0.82 (0.77–0.88) | 0.12 | 0.93 (0.78–1.12) | BL(↓), LPL/WM(↓), DLBCL(↓), FL (↓), MCL(↓) |
| Eczema | 5.0 × 10−5 | 1.01 (0.93–1.10) | 2.6 × 10−5 | 0.96 (0.77–1.20) | MF/SS (↑) |
| Blood transfusion (before 1990) | 5.0 × 10−5 | 0.76 (0.67–0.87) | 0.013 | 1.22 (0.89–1.66) | DLBCL(↓), CLL/SLL(↓), FL (↓), HCL(↓) |
| Young adult Body Mass¶ | 4.2 × 10−9 | 1.95 (1.51–2.53) | 0.28 | 1.79 (0.95–3.50) | DLBCL(↑), FL(↑) |
| Height¶ | 0.0017 | 1.20 (1.08–1.32) | 0.024 | 1.04 (0.81–1.35) | BL(↑), DLBCL(↑), CLL/SLL(↑), FL(↑), HCL(↑) |
| Alcohol consumption (≥1 drinks per month) | 8.9 × 10−8 | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | 0.062 | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | BL(↓), DLBCL(↓), FL (↓), PTCL(↓) |
| Smoking (duration)¶ | 2.2 × 10−9 | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 3.2 × 10−9 | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) | LPL/WM(↑), CLL/SLL(↓), FL(↑), PTCL(↑) |
| Recreational sun exposure¶ | 2.7 × 10−9 | 0.74 (0.66–0.83) | 0.79 | 0.65 (0.48–0.87) | DLBCL(↓),CLL/SLL(↓), FL (↓), PTCL(↓) |
| Socioeconomic status¶ | 3.4 × 10−5 | 0.88 (0.83–0.93) | 0.061 | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | BL(↓), DLBCL(↓), HCL(↑) |
| General farm worker | 0.0082 | 1.28 (1.10–1.50) | 0.34 | 1.21 (0.75–1.95) | CLL/SLL(↑), MF/SS(↑) |
| Painter | 0.0048 | 1.22 (0.99–1.51) | 0.085 | 1.68 (0.97–2.92) | MF/SS(↑) |
| Teacher | 5.6 × 10−4 | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.0062 | 0.50 (0.35–0.70) | BL(↓), DLBCL(↓) |
Include the following non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); Burkitt lymphoma (BL); peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL); marginal zone lymphoma (MZL); chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL); follicular lymphoma (FL); mantle cell lymphoma (MCL); lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM); mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome (MF/SS); hairy cell leukemia (HCL).
P-ASSET is a subset-based statistical approach used to test whether an exposure was associated with 1 or more NHL subtypes.
P-Homogeneity is a test of homogeneity of ORs across NHL subtypes and is derived from the random effects meta-analysis Q statistic.
Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) derived from fixed effects logistic regression, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex and study. OR represents risk per ordinal increase in the following categories: body-mass index as a young adult (<18.5, 18.5–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), height (sex-specific quartiles, males: <172.0, 172.0–177.7, 177.8–181.9, ≥182.0 cm; females: <159.0, 159.0–162.9, 163.0–167.9, ≥168.0 cm), duration of cigarette smoking (0, 1–19, 20–29, 30–39, ≥40 years), recreational sun exposure (hours per week, study-specific quartiles), and socioeconomic status (low, medium, high; measured by years of education for studies in North America or by dividing measures of education or socioeconomic status into tertiles for studies in Europe or Australia).