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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 21.
Published in final edited form as: Acc Chem Res. 2020 Jan 28;53(4):719–728. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00543

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Pushing the limit of detection in NEAs. (A) Ring-disk NEAs schematically shown (i), with its cross-sectional SEM image, scale bar 200 nm (ii), and a device photo with 8 NEAs on glass (iii). (B) Redox cycling effect illustrated by comparing GC mode (blue) and non-GC mode (black, inset) operation, indicating 55x signal enhancement. (C) Capacitive current from collector and generator electrodes, indicating the possibility of transient electrochemistry for short-lived species. (D) Signal enhancement in the absence of supporting electrolyte for Ru(NH3)63+. (E) Migration-induced ion accumulation as a result of decreasing ionic strength for Ru(NH3)63+. (F) Increasing selectivity for dopamine in the presence of interfering ascorbic acid during electrochemical detection at decreasing ionic strength. Panels A and F are adapted with permission, ref 29. Copyright 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Panels B and C are adapted with permission, ref 25. Copyright 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Panel D is adapted with permission, ref 27. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. Panel E is adapted with permission, ref 28. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.