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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Transl Res. 2020 Jul 6;225:33–53. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.012

Table 1.

Biomarker studies assessing primary venous thromboembolism risk in cancer patients

Biomarker Study Design Cancer Type Number of patients Biomarker Cutoff or Numeric Variable Statistic 95% CI Reference
Leukocyte count
Prospective Mixed 2701 >11 × 109/| OR 2.2 1.2–4 9
Prospective Mixed 4405 >11 × 109/l HR 2.10 1.30–3.40 209
Prospective Solid tumor 665 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.15 0.63–2.11 210
Platelet count
Prospective Mixed 2701 ≥350 × 109/l OR 1.8 1.1–3.2 9
Prospective Mixed 4405 ≥350 × 109/l HR 1.83 1.19–2.83 209
Prospective Solid tumor 665 ≥443 × 109/l HR 3.50 1.52–8.06 210
Prospective Mixed 1023 ≥350 × 109/l OR 2.53 1.35–4.74 14
D-dimer
Prospective Colorectal 176 >0.3 μg/ml HR 6.53 1.58–27.0 211
Prospective Gynecologic 267 >5 μg/ml OR 1.19 1.04–1.37 212
Prospective Mixed 124 >0.65 μg/ml HR 4.04 1.22–13.3 213
Prospective Mixed 112 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.76* 1.32–2.35 214
Prospective Mixed 821 ≥1.44 μg/ml HR 1.8 1.0–3.2 215
Retrospective Lung 108 >1.50 μg/ml HR 11.0 2.62–46.2 216
Prospective Pancreatic 140 ≥2.16 μg/ml HR 4.9 1.0–23.1 81
Prospective Mixed 946 Per 10 μg/ml increase sHR 1.31 1.00–1.73 112
Soluble P-selectin
Prospective Mixed 112 Per 2-fold increase HR 2.44* 1.31–4.53 214
Prospective Glioma 76 n/a HR 1.068 1.017–1.122 132
Prospective Mixed 797 Per 10 ng/ml increase HR 1.19 1.07–1.33 134
Prospective Mixed 687 ≥53.1 ng/ml HR 2.6 1.4–4.9 221
Prospective Mixed 946 Per 10 ng/ml increase sHR 1.05 1.00–1.73 112
Extracellular vesicles
Prospective Mixed 728 ≥4.62 nM PS HR 0.95 0.55–1.64 33
Tissue factor-positive extracellular vesicles Prospective Pancreas 60 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.5 1.0–2.4 55
Brain 119 HR 0.9 0.7–1.3
Stomach 43 n/a n/a
Colorectal 126 HR 0.9 0.6–1.6
Prospective Multiple myeloma 122 >11.8 fM Xa/min OR 1.4 0.4–4.7 79
Prospective Mixed 648 ≥13% sHR 1.0 0.99–3.8 80
Retrospective Pancreaticobiliary 117 ≥2.5 pg/ml OR 4.78 1.64–13.98 56
Prospective Pancreatic 140 ≥2.37 pg/ml HR 10.5 1.5–72.4 81
Meta-analysis Solid tumor n/a n/a OR 1.76 1.21–2.56 82
Neutrophil extracellular traps
H3Cit Prospective Mixed 946 Per 100 ng/ml increase sHR 1.11 1.03–1.20 112
Cell free DNA Prospective Mixed 946 Per 100 ng/ml increase sHR 1.03* 0.96–1.10 112
Nucleosome Prospective Mixed 946 Per 1 unit increase sHR 0.95* 0.89–1.02 112
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio Prospective Solid tumor 810 >3 HR 1.37 0.52–3.57 113
Prospective Solid tumor 1469 Per 2-fold increase sHR 1.2 1.0–1.4 114
Retrospective Gastric 112 >3 HR 0.8* 0.3–2.5 6
Inflammatory molecules
IL-1β Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.98* 0.80–1.20 131
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.046* 0.732–1.495 132
IL-3 Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.99* 0.84–1.18 131
IL-4 Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.11* 0.86–1.42 131
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.907* 0.634–1.298 132
IL-6 Retrospective Ovarian 200 5–19.9 pg/ml HR 7.98 0.99–64.0 129
≥20 pg/ml HR 8.90 1.04–76.0
Prospective Diffuse large B cell lymphoma 322 >Detection limit sHR 1.07 0.56–2.06 130
Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.08* 0.98–1.20 131
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.894* 0.602–1.328 132
IL-8 Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.06* 0.94–1.20 131
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.918* 0.585–0.585 132
IL-10 Prospective Diffuse large B cell lymphoma 322 ≥Median value sHR 1.66 0.84–3.26 130
Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 1.01* 0.83–1.22 131
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.822* 0.505–1.340 132
IL-11 Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.90* 0.76–1.06 131
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.621* 0.284–1.357 132
CCL3 Prospective Mixed 726 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.99* 0.90–1.10 131
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.348 0.146–0.830 132
TNF-α Prospective Diffuse large B cell lymphoma 322 ≥0.285 pg/ml sHR 0.77* 0.46–1.29 130
Retrospective Metastatic colorectal 45 <6.6 pg/ml HR 0.17 0.04–0.75 133
Prospective Glioma 76 Per doubling HR 1.097* 0.697–1.727 132
Soluble VEGF Prospective Mixed 797 Per 10 pg/ml increase HR 1.04 1.00–1.09 134
Prospective Glioma 76 Per 2-fold increase HR 0.995* 0.640–1.548 132
Podoplanin (tissue) Prospective Brain 213 <50% expression HR 2.44 0.73–8.17 143
50–70% expression HR 3.28 0.91–11.75
>70% expression HR 5.71 1.52–21.36
Retrospective Glioma 165 ≥30% expression OR 3.423 1.083–10.814 151
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 Prospective Brain 213 IDH1 R132H mutation HR 0.11 0.01–0.83 150
Retrospective Glioma 165 IDH1 R132H mutation OR 0.101 0.010–0.975 151
*

Denotes a univariable analysis. All other statistics are given for multivariable analyses. CCL3, chemockine ligand 3; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IL, interleukin; OR, odds ratio; PS, phosphatidylserine; sHR, subdistribution hazard ratio; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.