Table 1:

Potential age-related metabolic consequences of reduced testosterone (andropause), DHEA (adrenopause), and growth hormone (somatopause) based on both human observational studies and rodent studies. ↑, increased; ↓ decreased.

Potential Age-related Metabolic Consequences of:
Reduced Testosterone	Reduced DHEA	Reduced Growth Hormone
• ↑ subcutaneous and visceral fat • ↑ risk for obesity • ↓ insulin sensitivity • ↑ risk for type 2 diabetes • ↑ high blood pressure • ↑ triglycerides • ↑ risk of metabolic syndrome • ↓ muscle mass • ↓ strength • ↓ bone density	• ↑ body fat mass • ↑ waist to hip ratio • ↓ lean body mass • ↓ VO2 max • ↑ risk of cardiovascular disease • ↑ risk of ischemic heart disease • ↓ bone density	• ↑ risk for obesity • ↑ visceral adipose tissue • ↓ lean body mass • ↓ strength • ↑ risk of metabolic syndrome • ↑ risk of cardiovascular disease • ↓ bone density