Table 1.
Clinical and relevant baseline characteristics of patients.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 115) | IVIg group (n = 26) | Control group (n = 89) | SD (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 59 (47–69) | 58 (42–65) | 59 (48–70) | 16 |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 76 (66) | 19 (73) | 57 (64) | 18 |
| Any comorbidity, No. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 52 (45) | 10 (38) | 42 (47) | 9 |
| Diabetes | 24 (21) | 2 (8) | 22 (25) | 39 |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 18 (16) | 5 (19) | 13 (15) | 11 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 11 (10) | 2 (8) | 9 (10) | 4 |
| Any symptoms, No. (%) | ||||
| Fever | 111 (97) | 22 (85) | 89 (100) | 31 |
| Cough | 97 (84) | 22 (85) | 75 (84) | 8 |
| Dyspnea | 96 (83) | 22 (85) | 74 (83) | 10 |
| Fatigue or myalgia | 52 (45) | 9 (35) | 43 (48) | 19 |
| Diarrhea | 30 (26) | 4 (15) | 26 (29) | 24 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 132 ± 19 | 131 ± 14 | 133 ± 20 | 5 |
| HR,/min | 88 (80–102) | 85 (81–100) | 89 (80–105) | 9 |
| RR, breaths/min | 22 (20–25) | 22 (20–23) | 22 (20–25) | 2 |
| SPO2, % | 90 (87–94) | 91 (89–94) | 89 (86–92) | 6 |
| Complete blood count | ||||
| WBCs, × 109/L | 6.59 (4.38–9.64) | 6.25 (4.15–10.28) | 6.60 (4.42–9.56) | 4 |
| LYM, × 109/L | 0.76 (0.57–1.02) | 0.90 (0.62–1.05) | 0.73 (0.56–0.91) | 19 |
| PLT, × 109/L | 191 (148–269) | 172 (144–279) | 199 (150–270) | 18 |
| Inflammatory biomarkers | ||||
| IL–6, pg/mL | 13.0 (8.0–31.5) | 15.5 (10.5–34.0) | 11.0 (7.2–32.2) | 15 |
| IL–8, pg/mL | 15.2 (6.0–27.3) | 16.2 (5.8–23.8) | 15.2 (5.9–28.4) | 3 |
| IL–10, pg/mL | 5.2 (5.0–10.3) | 5.0 (5.0–8.5) | 5.5 (5.0–11.2) | 2 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 48 (17–94) | 28 (7–91) | 45 (17–101) | 14 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 807.0 (473.4–1383.3) | 774.1 (444.2–1525.4) | 838.8 (501.5–1351.1) | 18 |
| ESR, mm/h | 50 (25–65) | 35 (19–67) | 50 (27–65) | 14 |
| Immunoglobulins | ||||
| IgA, g/L | 2.2 (1.8–3.0) | 2.7 (1.9–4.6) | 2.2 (1.6–3.0) | 2 |
| IgG, g/L | 11.1 (9.0–13.1) | 11.8 (8.5–15.7) | 11.1 (9.3–13.1) | 2 |
| IgM g/L | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 3 |
| Seven–category scales at admission | 4.0 ± 0.67 | 3.85 ± 0.67 | 4.06 ± 0.66 | 26 |
| 3, No. (%) | 20 (17) | 7 (27) | 13 (15) | 24 |
| 4, No. (%) | 79 (69) | 17(65) | 62 (70) | 7 |
| 5, No. (%) | 11 (10) | 1 (4) | 10 (11) | 25 |
| 6, No. (%) | 5 (4) | 1 (4) | 4 (4) | 3 |
| Murray lung injury scores at admission | 3.93 ± 0.22 | 3.90 ± 0.28 | 3.94 ± 0.20 | 11 |
| Time to admission after onset, median (IQR) | 10 (7–12) | 10 (7–12) | 10 (8–12) | 5 |
| Earlier (< 7 days), No. (%) | 29 (25) | 7 (27) | 22 (25) | 12 |
| Later (between 7–14 days), No. (%) | 86 (75) | 19 (73) | 67 (75) | 12 |
| Treatment during hospitalization, No. (%) | ||||
| Antiviral treatment | 100 (87) | 22 (85) | 78 (88) | 7 |
| Arbidol | 75 (65) | 15 (58) | 60 (67) | 16 |
| IFN–α | 34 (30) | 14 (54) | 20 (22) | 53 |
| LPV/r | 31 (27) | 9 (35) | 22 (25) | 17 |
| RBV | 12 (10) | 3 (12) | 9 (10) | 4 |
| OSV | 33 (29) | 8 (31) | 25 (28) | 5 |
| Antibiotic treatment | 100 (87) | 25 (96) | 75 (84) | 37 |
| Moxifloxacin | 73 (63) | 15 (58) | 58 (65) | 12 |
| Cefoperazone and tazobactam | 47 (41) | 13 (50) | 34 (38) | 19 |
| Antifungal treatment | 11 (10) | 5 (19) | 6 (7) | 29 |
| TCM | 58 (50) | 15 (58) | 43 (48) | 15 |
| LMWH | 19 (16) | 4 (15) | 15 (17) | 3 |
| Glucocorticoids | 71 (62) | 18 (69) | 53 (60) | 17 |
| IVIg therapy | 26 (23) | 26 (100) | 0 (0) | — |
| Initiation time, days, median (IQR) | — | 2 (1–4) | — | — |
| Course, days, median (IQR) | — | 5 (5–9) | — | — |
| Amount, g, median (IQR) | — | 122.5 (95.0–213.8) | — | |
SD, standard deviation; Tmax, maximal temperature; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; RR, respiratory rate; SPO2, pulse oximeter O2 saturation; WBC, white cell counts; LYM, lymphocyte counts; PLT, platelet counts; IL, interleukin; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; IFN-α, Interferon-alfa; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; RBV, ribavirin; OSV, oseltamivir; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin.