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. 2021 Mar 22;12:622901. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.622901

Table 2.

Summary of Clinical Trials of the Use of Metformin in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes.

Citation N Intervention Comparison? Duration Effect on HbA1c Effect on dailyInsulin Dose Effect on Weight
Gomez et al. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002. (135) 10 Variable dose metformin No 6 months Decrease by 11% of baseline No change No change
Hamilton et al. Diabetes Care. 2003. (120) 27 Weight-based dose metformin (up to 2000 mg/day) Placebo 3 months -0.6%
(p=0.03)
-0.16 units/kg (p=0.01) No change
Urakami et al. Pediat Int. 2005. (121) 9 500-750 mg twice daily metformin No 12 months -1.1%
(p<0.01)
-6.7 units
(p<0.01)
-0.7 kg/m2
(p<0.05)
Nadeau et al. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015. (117) 74 1000 mg daily metformin Placebo 6 months No change No change No change
Nwosu et al. PLoS One. 2015. (118) 28 1000 mg daily metformin Placebo 9 months No change No change No change
Libman et al. JAMA. 2015. (119) 140 2000 mg daily metformin Placebo 6 months No change -0.1 units/kg (p<0.001) -0.1 BMI z-score (p<0.001)
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