Figure 3. Gene expression changes induced by treatment with INNA-X.

RNA was isolated from nasal turbinates 6 hours and 24 hours after administration of 1 nmol of INNA-X or diluent to the URT (n = 5/group). RNA was analyzed by NanoString nCounter assay against a panel of 547 immune genes. (A) Volcano plots showing log₂ fold change and –log₁₀ FDR. (B) Heatmap showing log₂ fold change of differentially expressed genes (log₂ fold change ≥ 1 or ≤ –1 and FDR < 0.05 at each time point) and clustered by expression. Genes with related functions, categorized by gene ontology terms, are highlighted in green (inflammatory processes), blue (danger sensing/signal transduction), and orange (chemotaxis).