Table 3.

Cost and Utilization Differences Between Patients with and without Difficult Intubation Before and After Risk Adjustment

Before Risk Adjustment
	Difficult Intubation						No Difficult Intubation
	N	Mean	ICU Admission Rate	95% Lower CI	95% Upper CI	STD	N	Mean	ICU Admission Rate	95% Lower CI	95% Upper CI	STD	p-value	Mean Difference
Admission Cost (US Dollars)	609	$45,251	–	$41,780	$48,722	$43,613	2,233,142	$22,056	–	$22,020	$22,091	$27,008	<0.0001	$23,196
Admission Length of Stay (Days)	609	10.7	60%	9.7	11.7	12.1	2,233,142	4.5	16%	4.5	4.5	5.8	<0.0001	6.2
ICU Cost (US Dollars)	367	$11,657	–	$10,051	$13,264	$15,653	358,359	$7,049	–	$7,018	$7,079	$9,386	<0.0001	$4,609
ICU Length of Stay (Days)	367	5.4	–	4.8	6.0	5.8	358,359	3.4	–	3.3	3.4	3.9	<0.0001	2.0
After Risk Adjustment
	Difficult Intubation						No Difficult Intubation
	N	Mean	ICU Admission Rate	95% Lower CI	95% Upper CI	STD	N	Mean	ICU Admission Rate	95% Lower CI	95% Upper CI	STD	p-value	Mean Difference
Admission Cost (US Dollars)	606	$45,233	–	$41,748	$48,717	$43,679	606	$30,765	–	$28,242	$33,288	$31,624	<0.0001	$14,468
Admission Length of Stay (Days)	606	10.7	60%	9.8	11.7	12.1	606	6.9	33%	6.3	7.5	7.7	<0.0001	3.8
ICU Cost (US Dollars)	364	$11,662	–	$10,043	$13,280	$15,702	198	$7,633	–	$6,393	$8,873	$8,849	0.0001	$4,029
ICU Length of Stay (Days)	364	5.4		4.8	6.0	5.8	198	3.4		2.9	4.0	3.8	<0.0001	2.0

Notes: ICU admission rate, cost (US dollars), and length of stay (days) are reported for patients who had an ICU admission 0–2 days after the primary surgery.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; N, number of patients; STD, standard deviation.