Table 1. Patient characteristics and intensive care clinical and laboratory data in the whole study population and comparisons between subgroups according to 90-day mortality.
| Variable | Whole study cohort (n = 126) | Survivors (n = 69) | Non-survivors (n = 57) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and baseline data | ||||
| Female gender [n (%)] | 38 (30) | 21 (30) | 16 (28) | 0.77 |
| Age (years) | 64 (51–73) | 63.1 (50.7–71.7) | 67.1 (55.6–75.6) | 0.10 |
| Nosocomial infection [n (%)] | 12 (10) | 5 (7) | 7 (12) | 0.34 |
| Immunosuppression [n (%)] | 23 (18) | 6 (9) | 17 (30) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | 43 (34) | 27 (39) | 16 (28) | 0.19 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 74 (59) | 41 (59) | 33 (58) | 0.86 |
| Pulmonary disease [n (%)] | 18 (14) | 10 (14) | 8 (14) | 0.94 |
| Coronary artery disease [n (%)] | 21 (17) | 7 (10) | 14 (25) | 0.03 |
| Peripheral arterial disease [n (%)] | 15 (12) | 6 (9) | 9 (16) | 0.22 |
| Liver cirrhosis [n (%)] | 5 (4) | 2 (3) | 3 (5) | 0.50 |
| Hematological disease [n (%)] | 9 (7) | 2 (3) | 7 (12) | 0.04 |
| Solid malignancy [n (%)] | 12 (10) | 4 (6) | 8 (14) | 0.12 |
| Baseline creatinine, n = 96 (μmol/l) | 86 (64–122) | 78 (63–138) | 96 (72–129) | 0.64 |
| Baseline eGFR, n = 96 (ml/min/1.73m2) | 84±29 | 85±23 | 81±35 | 0.49 |
| Intensive care clinical data | ||||
| Peak SOFA | 14.6±3.3 | 13.7±2.9 | 15.6±3.5 | 0.0007 |
| SAPS-II | 58.8±16.3 | 53.6±14.6 | 65.3±16.2 | <0.0001 |
| APACHE-II | 26.5±7.2 | 24.4±5.9 | 29.1±7.7 | 0.0003 |
| ICU stay (days, ICU survivors, n = 88) | 9.9 (5.0–19.7) | 10.0 (5.9–21.9) | 9.7 (4.5–15.0) | 0.30 |
| Medical patients [n (%)] | 97 (77) | 55 (80) | 42 (74) | 0.42 |
| Mechanical ventilation [n (%)] | 96 (76) | 48 (70) | 48 (84) | 0.05 |
| Days on mechanical ventilation (days) | 6.9 (2.7–13.7) | 8.6 (4.6–19.8) | 4.2 (1.2–10.0) | 0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 70 (59–80) | 71 (60–80) | 67 (58–80) | 0.65 |
| Vasopressor use [n (%)] | 120 (95) | 64 (93) | 56 (98) | 0.15 |
| Norepinephrine dose (μg/kg/min) | 0.07 (0.02–0.20) | 0.05 (0.02–0.15) | 0.11 (0.05–0.21) | 0.03 |
| Maximum noradrenalin dose (μg/kg/min) | 0.24 (0.16–0.44) | 0.21 (0.13–0.40) | 0.26 (0.18–0.51) | 0.08 |
| Number of vasopressors (n) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 0.04 |
| Laboratory data at intensive care admission | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/l) | 106±18 | 110±17 | 101±19 | 0.007 |
| Leukocytes (g/l) | 12.3 (5.9–19.7) | 13.4 (7.8–21.1) | 9.8 (4.5–18.0) | 0.10 |
| Trombocytes (E9/l) | 102 (53–173) | 108 (69–172) | 79 (50–173) | 0.11 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 190 (94–290) | 222 (135–333) | 150 (58–228) | 0.004 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) n = 114 | 237 (176–339) | 254 (178–353) | 228 (176–325) | 0.28 |
| Urea (mmol/l) n = 97 | 16.8 (12.4–23.7) | 16.7 (12.9–23.7) | 17.3 (10.9–24.7) | 0.83 |
| Troponin T (ng/l) n = 95 | 79 (33–318) | 62 (34–190) | 96 (33–511) | 0.28 |
| International normalized ratio n = 113 | 1.3 (1.1–2.0) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | 1.6 (1.3–2.5) | 0.0003 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/l) n = 103 | 62 (29–196) | 60 (28–141) | 76 (29–362) | 0.37 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/l) n = 105 | 21 (13–42) | 19 (11–38) | 25 (13–53) | 0.30 |
| pH | 7.27 (7.20–7.34) | 7.29 (7.24–7.37) | 7.23 (7.15–7.32) | 0.005 |
| Base excess | -9.3±6.2 | -8.6±5.9 | -10.2±6.4 | 0.16 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/l) | 17.2±4.4 | 17.8±4.4 | 16.6±4.5 | 0.15 |
| Lactate (mmol/l) | 2.8 (1.6–5.9) | 2.3 (1.3–5.2) | 4.1 (2.0–8.2) | 0.004 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 135 (132–138) | 134 (131–138) | 136 (132–138) | 0.38 |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | 4.2 (3.8–4.8) | 4.2 (3.9–4.8) | 4.2 (3.8–4.8) | 0.55 |
| Chloride (mmol/l) | 106 (102–109) | 105 (102–108) | 107 (102–110) | 0.34 |
| Ionized calcium (mmol/l) | 1.04±0.11 | 1.05±0.12 | 1.03±0.10 | 0.40 |
SOFA = Sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS-II = simplified acute physiology II score; APACHE-II = acute physiology and chronic health Evaluation II score.