Table 3.

Factors Associated with Perceived Stigma Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Nekemte Town

Independent Variables	Categories	Perceived Stigma		COR (95%)	AOR (95%)	p-Value
		Yes	No
Age (years)	18–29	91	16	3.85 (1.98–7.5)	4.88 (1.76–13.5)*	0.002
	30–38	87	48	1.23 (0.72–2.09)	1.34 (0.69–2.59)	0.391
	39–42	51	26	1.33 (0.72–2.47)	1.55 (0.74–3.27)	0.246
	≥43	59	40	Ref	Ref
Sex	Male	151	67	Ref	Ref
	Female	137	63	0.96 (0.64–1.46)	2.10 (1.15–3.82)*	0.002
Residence	Urban	192	74	Ref	Ref
	Rural	96	56	0.66 (0.43–1.01)	0.91 (0.44–1.87)	0.794
Marital status	Single	80	23	1.8 (0.815–3.99)	0.34 (0.09–1.25)	0.104
	Married	181	93	1.01 (0.5–2.01)	1.47 (0.06–3.59)	0.391
	Other	27	14	Ref	Ref
Educational status	No formal education	68	28	0.74 (0.42–1.307)	0.86 (0.32–2.31)	0.764
	Primary education	62	39	0.48 (0.28–0.83)	0.38 (0.15–0.99)	0.05
	High school (9–12)	36	26	0.42 (0.225–0.78)	0.50 (0.23–1.08)	0.079
	College and above	122	37	Ref	Ref
Income level	<500	178	60	1.67 (1.04–2.68)	2.07 (0.93–4.62)	0.075
	501–999	32	26	0.69 (0.37–1.3)	0.65 (0.26–1.63)	0.354
	≥1000	78	44	Ref	Ref
Time of diagnosis	≤24 months	85	23	1.95 (1.12–2.38)	1.09 (0.57–2.06)	0.802
	>24 months	203	107	Ref	Ref
Duration of treatment	<12 months	61	8	4.61 (2.13–9.98)	2.63 (1.09–6.34)*	0.031
	13–24 months	40	9	2.68 (1.25–5.74)	2.38 (0.96–5.90)	0.061
	≥25 months	187	113	Ref	Ref
Alcohol use disorder	No	173	103	Ref	Ref
	Yes	115	27	2.54 (1.56–4.12)	1.2 (0.59–2.43)	0.599
Current smoker	No	148	95	Ref	Ref
	Yes	140	35	2.57 (1.64–4.03)	2.42 (1.19–4.9)*	0.014
Khat chewer	No	175	91	Ref	Ref
	Yes	113	39	1.50 (0.97–2.35)	1.078 (0.604–1.92)	0.800
Depression	No	139	89	Ref	Ref
	Yes	149	41	2.32 (1.50–3.59)	1.86 (1.08–3.19)*	0.024
Social support	Poor	138	41	3.04 (1.64–5.64)	3.45 (1.65–7.23)*	0.001
	Medium	119	61	1.76 (0.97–3.20)	2.22 (1.09–4.54)*	0.028
	Strong	31	28	Ref	Ref
Disclosure status	No	112	27	2.48 (1.49–3.94)	2.00 (1.11–3.59)*	0.024
	Yes	176	103	Ref	Ref

Note: *p<0.05.

Abbreviation: Ref, reference category.