Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author (yr) | Country | Study | Sex (M/F) | Age, yr, Mean (SD) Experiment/control | Groups Experiment/control | Simple size Experiment/control | BMD (g/cm2) Experiment/control | Ethical approval | Clinical indicators | Intervention (ZOL) | Follow-up period |
| Daijun Li 2018 | China | RCT | 31/61 | 62.31 (4.72); 62.50 (4.76) | ZOL + oral calcium + PKP; PKP + oral calcium | 46/46 | 0.81 (0.13); 0.82 (0.14) | Yes | VAS, ODI, BMD, PINP, BCP, AEs, RVF | 1 time, 4 mg: 100 ml, ivd | 3, 6 mo |
| Zifeng Huang 2019 | China | RCT | 17/43 | 76.11 (8.30) 74.36 (9.08) | ZOL + oral calcium + PKP; oral calcium + PKP | 30/30 | −3.14 (0.38); −3.15 (0.41) | Yes | BMD, VAS, AEs, RVF | 1 time, 5 mg: 100 ml, ivd | 1, 6, 12 mo |
| Ji Li 2019 | China | RCT | 14/56 | 80.5 (3.6); 79.7 (3.8) | PRP + ZOL; PKP | 35/35 | −3.51 (0.11); −3.48 (0.12) | Yes | VAS, ODI, BMD, PINP, β-CTX, PTH, AEs, RVF | 1 time, 4 mg: 100 ml, ivd | 1, 12 mo |
| Xianchun Liu 2019 | China | RCT | 27/33 | 68.27 (4.08); 69.09 (4.31) | PRP + ZOL; PKP | 30/30 | NC | Yes | VAS, BCP, ALP, AEs, RVF | 1 time, 100 ml, ivd | 6, 12 mo |
| Wenhu Xuan 2017 | China | RCT | 32/48 | 70.5 (4.9); 72.3 (4.6) | PRP + ZOL; PKP | 40/40 | 0.65 (0.24); 0.66 (0.21) | Yes | VAS, BMD, AEs, RVF | 1 time, 5 mg: 100 ml, ivd | 12 mo |
| Daolu Zhan 2017 | China | RCT | 37/47 | 65.3 (5.6); 64.8 (5.4) | ZOL + oral calcium + PKP; PKP + oral calcium + SC | 42/42 | 0.41 (0.05); 0.41 (0.05) | Yes | VAS, BMD, PINP, β-CTX | 1 time, 5 mg: 100 ml, ivd | 6, 12 mo |
| Tao Zhang 2015 | China | RCT | 33/47 | 67.2 (6.8); 68.3 (5.7) | PRP + ZOL; PKP | 40/40 | NC | Yes | VAS, ODI, RVF | 1 time, 5 mg: 100 ml, ivd | 1, 12 mo |
| Mingming Liu 2015 | China | RCT | 10/42 | 74.13 (5.09); 74.25 (5.20) | PRP + ZOL; PKP | 24/28 | −2.77 (0.44); −2.80 (0.54) | NC | VAS, ODI, BMD, RVF | 1 time, 5 mg: 100 ml, ivd | 12 mo |
β-CTX = βcross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen, AEs = adverse events, BMD = bone mineral density, CI = confidence interval, MD = mean difference, NC = not clear, ODI = Oswestry Disability Index, OVCF = osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, PINP = Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, PKP = percutaneous kyphoplasty, PRISMA = preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, RCT = randomized control trial, RR = relative risk, RVF = recompression vertebral fracture, SC = salmon calcitonin, SMD = standardized mean difference, VAS = Visual Analog Scale, ZOL = zoledronic acid.