Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory features of patients with focal lymphocytic sialadenitis on minor salivary gland biopsy compared to those with a negative minor salivary gland biopsy.
| − FLS n (%) | + FLS n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Sample size | 44 (24.9) | 133 (75.1) | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, not Hispanic | 39 (88.6) | 125 (94.0) | REF | REF |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 2 (1.5) | -- | -- |
| African American | 2 (4.6) | 4 (3.0) | 0.63 (0.09–7.17) | .893 |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | -- | -- |
| Native American | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | -- | -- |
| Multiracial or unknown | 3 (6.8) | 0 (0) | -- | -- |
| Age at the time of MSGB (y)∗ | 49.9 ± 10.5 | 52.7 ± 12.7 | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | .192 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 5 (11.4) | 16 (12.0) | REF | REF |
| Female | 39 (88.6) | 117 (88.0) | 0.94 (0.25–2.91) | 1.000 |
| Clinical features | ||||
| Dry eyes† | 37/43 (86.1) | 129 (97.0) | 5.17 (1.16–26.30) | .030‡ |
| Dry mouth | 41 (93.2) | 128 (96.2) | 1.87 (0.28–10.07) | .632 |
| Fatigue | 31 (70.5) | 98 (73.7) | 1.17 (0.50–2.63) | .813 |
| Salivary gland swelling | 11 (25.0) | 24 (18.1) | 0.66 (0.28–1.66) | .427 |
| Central nervous system manifestations | 2 (4.6) | 13 (9.8) | 2.27 (0.48–21.52) | .456 |
| Peripheral nervous system manifestations† | 15/43 (34.9) | 32 (24.1) | 0.59 (0.27–1.35) | .234 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 0 (0) | 8 (6.0) | -- | -- |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1 (2.3) | 8 (6.0) | 2.74 (0.35–124.91) | .594 |
| Hypothyroidism | ||||
| No disease | 36 (81.8) | 93 (69.9) | REF | REF |
| Present | 5 (11.4) | 30 (22.6) | 2.31 (0.80–8.23) | .145 |
| Present with autoimmune thyroiditis | 3 (6.8) | 10 (7.5) | 1.29 (0.31–7.70) | .997 |
| Raynaud phenomenon | 7 (15.9) | 18 (13.5) | 0.83 (0.30–2.54) | .863 |
| Pancreatitis | 1 (2.3) | 2 (1.5) | 0.66 (0.03–39.62) | 1.000 |
| Purpura | 0 (0) | 5 (3.8) | -- | -- |
| Lymphoma | 0 (0) | 2 (1.5) | -- | -- |
| Inflammatory arthritis | 7 (15.9) | 12 (9.0) | 0.53 (0.18–1.70) | .317 |
| Myalgia | 3 (6.8) | 13 (9.8) | 1.48 (0.38–8.48) | .804 |
| Arthralgia | 29 (65.9) | 67 (50.4) | 0.53 (0.24–1.12) | .104 |
| Depression | 12 (27.3) | 42 (31.6) | 1.23 (0.55–2.89) | .736 |
| Smoking | 27 (61.4) | 37 (27.8) | 0.25 (0.11–0.53) | .0002§ |
| Fibromyalgia | 17 (38.6) | 35 (26.3) | 0.57 (0.26–1.25) | .175 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Antinuclear antibody positive† | 22/42 (52.4) | 82/130 (63.1) | 1.55 (0.72–3.32) | .293 |
| Rheumatoid factor positive† | 5/29 (17.2) | 19/97 (19.6) | 1.17 (0.37–4.43) | 1.000 |
| Anti-SSA positive | 2 (4.6) | 34 (25.6) | 7.16 (1.70–64.24) | .002‡ |
| Anti-SSB positive | 4 (9.1) | 21 (15.8) | 1.87 (0.58–7.95) | .397 |
| Low Complement, C3† | 0/22 (0) | 6/83 (7.2) | -- | -- |
| Low Complement, C4† | 2/22 (9.1) | 8/83 (9.6) | 1.07 (0.19–11.08) | 1.000 |
| Anemia† | 7/40 (17.5) | 27/127 (21.3) | 1.27 (0.48–3.78) | .789 |
| Leukopenia†,|| | 0/40 (0) | 5/127 (4.0) | -- | -- |
| Hypergammaglobulinemia†,¶ | 2/23 (8.7) | 11/66 (16.7) | 2.09 (0.40–20.93) | .577 |
| Elevated ESR and/or CRP† | 28/40 (70.0) | 71/125 (56.8) | 0.57 (0.24–1.27) | .192 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Diuretic | 10 (22.7) | 24 (18.1) | 0.75 (0.31–1.94) | .631 |
| Antihistamine | 16 (36.4) | 15 (11.3) | 0.23 (0.09–0.55) | .0007§ |
| Antidepressant | 24 (54.6) | 50 (37.6) | 0.50 (0.24–1.06) | .073 |
| Muscle relaxant | 9 (20.5) | 25 (18.8) | 0.90 (0.36–2.41) | .965 |
| Anxiolytic | 10 (22.7) | 31 (23.3) | 1.03 (0.44–2.62) | 1.000 |
Values are expressed as N (%) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables. Odds ratios were calculated using exact univariate logistic regression. Variables may contain missing data.
CI = confidence interval, CRP = C-reactive protein, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, FLS = focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, MSGB = minor salivary gland biopsy, OR = odds ratio, SSA = Sjogren syndrome type A, SSB = Sjogren syndrome type B.
Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
Variables contain missing data. The denominator is shown.
Marginally significant (P < .05).
Significant (Bonferroni corrected P < .002); --, not calculated when n = 0.
Leukopenia was defined as having a leukocyte count <3000/mm3.
Hypergammaglobulinemia was defined as having levels >1.6 g/L.