Table 3.
Clinical and laboratory features of seronegative patients with focal lymphocytic sialadenitis on minor salivary gland biopsy compared to seronegative patients with no focal lymphocytic sialadenitis on minor salivary gland biopsy.
| Seronegative | |||
| − FLS n (%) | + FLS n (%) | P | |
| Sample size | 40 (29.4) | 96 (70.6) | |
| Demographics | |||
| Race/ethnicity | .027∗ | ||
| White, not Hispanic | 35 (87.5) | 93 (96.9) | |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| African American | 2 (5.0) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Asian | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Native American | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Multiracial or unknown | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Age at the time of MSGB (y)† | 49.0 ± 10.6 | 53.9 ± 11.8 | .026∗ |
| Sex | 1.000 | ||
| Male | 5 (12.5) | 12 (12.5) | |
| Female | 35 (87.5) | 84 (87.5) | |
| Clinical features | |||
| Dry eyes‡ | 33/39 (84.6) | 96 (100.0) | .0004§ |
| Dry mouth | 37 (92.5) | 96 (100.0) | .024∗ |
| Fatigue | 27 (67.5) | 74 (77.1) | .284 |
| Salivary gland swelling | 11 (27.5) | 20 (20.8) | .501 |
| Central nervous system manifestations | 2 (5.0) | 5 (5.2) | 1.000 |
| Peripheral nervous system manifestations‡ | 13/39 (33.3) | 25 (26.0) | .405 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 0 (0) | 4 (4.2) | .320 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 1 (2.5) | 4 (4.2) | 1.000 |
| Hypothyroidism | .093 | ||
| No disease | 33 (82.5) | 63 (65.6) | |
| Present | 4 (10.0) | 25 (26.0) | |
| Present with autoimmune thyroiditis | 3 (7.5) | 8 (8.3) | |
| Raynaud phenomenon | 7 (17.5) | 12 (12.5) | .430 |
| Pancreatitis | 1 (2.5) | 1 (1.0) | .503 |
| Purpura | 0 (0) | 2 (2.1) | 1.000 |
| Lymphoma | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 1.000 |
| Inflammatory arthritis | 7 (17.5) | 9 (9.4) | .242 |
| Myalgia | 3 (7.5) | 5 (5.2) | .693 |
| Arthralgia | 26 (65.0) | 50 (52.1) | .188 |
| Depression | 11 (27.5) | 37 (38.5) | .243 |
| Smoking | 25 (62.5) | 27 (28.1) | .0002§ |
| Fibromyalgia | 15 (37.5) | 30 (31.3) | .550 |
| Laboratory results | |||
| Antinuclear antibody positive‡ | 20/38 (52.6) | 58/93 (62.4) | .331 |
| Rheumatoid factor positive‡ | 4/25 (16.0) | 7/67 (10.5) | .482 |
| Low Complement, C3‡ | 0/20 (0) | 5/59 (8.5) | .322 |
| Low Complement, C4‡ | 2/20 (10.0) | 4/59 (6.8) | .640 |
| Anemia‡ | 5/36 (13.9) | 13/90 (14.4) | 1.000 |
| Leukopenia‡,|| | 0/36 (0) | 2/87 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Hypergammaglobulinemia‡,¶ | 1/21 (4.8) | 4/45 (8.9) | 1.000 |
| Inflammatory markers‡ | 24/36 (66.7) | 46/89 (51.7) | .164 |
| Medication use | |||
| Diuretic | 10 (25.0) | 18 (18.8) | .486 |
| Antihistamine | 14 (35.0) | 12 (12.5) | .004∗ |
| Antidepressant | 21 (52.5) | 42 (43.8) | .451 |
| Muscle relaxant | 7 (17.5) | 18 (18.8) | 1.000 |
| Anxiolytic | 10 (25.0) | 25 (26.0) | 1.000 |
Values are expressed as N (%) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables. P values were calculated using exact univariate logistic regression. Variables may contain missing data.
FLS = focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, MSGB = minor salivary gland biopsy.
Marginally significant (P < .05).
Data are expressed as mean ± SD.
Variables contain missing data. The denominator is shown.
Significant (Bonferroni corrected P < .002).
Leukopenia was defined as having a leukocyte count <3000/mm3.
Hypergammaglobulinemia was defined as having levels >1.6 g/L.