Table 4.

Measure Scores by Race/Ethnicity Of Patients

Measures	Case-mix adjusted differences from Whites
	Case-mix adjusted overall scores			Overall		Within-ED		Between-ED
	White	Hispanic	Black	Hispanic	Black	Hispanic	Black	Hispanic	Black
Composites
Getting timely care	70.5	66.6	67.7	−3.9	−2.9	−0.4	−0.4	−3.5*	−2.5
Doctor and nurse communication	76.4	82.8**	80.4*	6.4**	4.0*	7.5**	4.8*	−1.1	−0.8
Communication about medications	79.9	83.1	82.8	3.2	2.9	3.3	4.9*	−0.1	−1.9
Single items
Receipt of sufficient information from doctors and nurses about test results	69.2	75.9	72.6	6.7	3.4	4.7	4.0	1.9	−0.6
Discussions with hospital staff about a patient’s ability to receive follow-up care	77.5	84.7*	81.4	7.2*	3.9	6.8	3.6	0.4	0.3
Willingness to recommend the ED	65.0	72.2*	69.1	7.2*	4.0	5.5	2.9	1.7	1.2

Notes: Survey items were scored using top-box scoring in which the best or most positive response option was coded as 100 and all other response options were coded as 0. For example, for the question “During this emergency room visit, did doctors and nurses give you as much information as you wanted about the results of these tests?,” the response “Yes, definitely” was coded as 100, while “Yes, somewhat” or “No” were coded as 0. Scores were adjusted for case-mix and mode of survey administration (mail only, telephone only, or mixed mode—that is, mail with telephone follow-up). Overall results are from fixed-effects models that estimated the difference between Black or Hispanic patients and White patients, with case-mix adjusted for patient characteristics and mode of survey administration. Within-ED results are from models that added hospital fixed effects, thereby controlling for hospital-based EDs. Between-ED effects were estimated as the difference between overall and within-ED effects. Significance refers to difference from White. The “Other” race/ethnicity category was included in the models, but results are not shown

*0.01 ≦ p < 0.05

**0.001 ≦ p < 0.01

***p < 0.001