TABLE 1.
Demographic and Ventilation Data
| Demographic and Baseline Characteristics | ECMO (n = 11) | Non-ECMO (n = 22) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (sd) | 47 (11) | 52 (16) | 0.9 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 7 (65) | 12 (55) | 0.75 | |
| Education level, n (%) | ||||
| Less than grade 12 | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | — | |
| High school | 5 (63) | 8 (37) | — | |
| College or university | 3 (37) | 10 (46) | — | |
| Postgraduate studies | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | — | |
| Admission diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 11 (100) | 9 (40) | 0.03 | |
| Sepsis | 0 (0) | 3 (14) | — | |
| Neurologic | 0 (0) | 3 (14) | — | |
| Gastrointestinal | 0 (0) | 4 (18) | — | |
| Other medical diseases | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | — | |
| Vascular/cardiovascular | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | — | |
| Postoperative admission, n (%) | 7 (64) | 9 (40) | 0.24 | |
| Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation III, mean (sd) | 57 (17) | 64 (28) | 0.53 | |
| Days in ICU, mean (sd) | 23 (15) | 13 (9) | 0.06 | |
| Mean arterial pressure, mean (sd) | ||||
| Maximum | 96 (8) | 99 (14) | 0.10 | |
| Minimum | 66 (3) | 72 (12) | < 0.001 | |
| Glycemic control, mean (sd) | ||||
| Maximum | 11 (3) | 10 (4) | 0.008 | |
| Minimum | 7 (1) | 7 (2) | 0.08 | |
| Days of continuous sedation, mean (sd) | 8 (6) | 6 (5) | 0.34 | |
| Sedative medications, mean (sd) | ||||
| Lorazepam/midazolam (mg) | 29 (91) | 20 (93) | 0.56 | |
| Propofol (mg) | 798 (1,763) | 554 (583) | 0.13 | |
| Fentanyl (µg) | 1,790 (2,293) | 944 (1,636) | < 0.001 | |
| Dexmedetomidine (mg) | 0.5 (3.4) | 1.5 (6.4) | 0.05 | |
| Maximum SAS, mean (sd) | 3.5 (0.4) | 3.7 (0.5) | 0.46 | |
| Minimum SAS, mean (sd) | 2.5 (0.5) | 2.6 (0.4) | 0.51 | |
| Ventilation data, mean (sd) | ||||
| ΔPco2a—6 hr ICU | 6.7 (4.2) | 7.9 (7.3) | 0.57 | |
| ΔPo2b—6 hr ICU | 70.9 (57.4) | 73.4 (80.5) | 0.92 | |
| ΔPco2—24 hr ICU | 8.5 (7.3) | 10 (9.9) | 0.62 | |
| ΔPo2—24 hr ICU | 84.9 (78.3) | 81.6 (81) | 0.91 | |
| P/Fc | 162 (108.2) | 246.7 (162) | 0.88 | |
| ΔPco2—6 hr ECMO | 8.1 (5.1) | — | — | |
| ΔPo2—6 hr ECMO | 53.9 (57.1) | — | — | |
| P/F—ECMO start | 148 (102.8) | — | — | |
| ECMO data, mean (sd) | Minimum | Maximum | ||
| Flow (L/min) | 2.8 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.3) | — | — |
| Gas sweep (L/min) | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.4 (1.3) | — | — |
| Fraction of sweep gas O2 | 0.96 (0.1) | 0.98 (0.2) | — | — |
| Days on ECMO, median (range) | 9 (3–30) | — | — | |
| Pre-ECMO days of mechanical ventilation, median (range) | 1.5 (0–10) | — | — | |
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, P/F = Pao2/Fio2, SAS = Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale.
Dash indicates not available/applicable.
aChange in Paco2 (difference in Paco2 from ICU admission or ECMO start to 6 ± 2 and 24 ± 4 hr later).
bChange in Pao2 (difference in Pao2 from ICU admission or ECMO start to 6 ± 2and 24 ± 4 hr later).
cP/F (taken after intubation).