Table 7.
Risk Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for Incident Hypertension in the Strong Heart Family Study
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
| Total Arsenic Quartiles | ||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | referent | 1.00 | referent | 1.00 | referent | 1.00 | referent | 1.00 | referent |
| 2 | 1.15 | 0.79, 1.67 | 1.31 | 0.90, 1.91 | 1.34 | 0.92, 1.94 | 1.38 | 0.94, 2.05 | 1.34 | 0.92, 1.94 |
| 3 | 1.16 | 0.80, 1.69 | 1.13 | 0.78, 1.64 | 1.19 | 0.82, 1.73 | 1.24 | 0.85, 1.81 | 1.21 | 0.82, 1.77 |
| 4 | 0.92 | 0.58, 1.48 | 1.00 | 0.62, 1.62 | 1.09 | 0.66, 1.80 | 1.16 | 0.72, 1.87 | 1.07 | 0.69, 1.66 |
| Doubling of total arsenic | ||||||||||
| 0.96 | 0.84, 1.10 | 0.94 | 0.82, 1.09 | 0.97 | 0.84, 1.13 | 1.02 | 0.90, 1.17 | 0.98 | 0.87, 1.10 | |
| Inorganic and Methylated Arsenic Quartiles | ||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | referent |
| 2 | 1.25 | 0.87, 1.78 | 1.41 | 0.99, 2.03 | 1.43 | 0.99, 2.06 | 1.50 | 1.04, 2.17 | 1.42 | 0.97, 2.07 |
| 3 | 1.09 | 0.74, 1.62 | 1.06 | 0.73, 1.54 | 1.10 | 0.75, 1.61 | 1.16 | 0.80, 1.68 | 1.07 | 0.72, 1.58 |
| 4 | 1.00 | 0.65, 1.54 | 1.02 | 0.66, 1.59 | 1.10 | 0.69, 1.74 | 1.17 | 0.76, 1.80 | 1.06 | 0.67, 1.67 |
| Doubling of Inorganic and Methylated Arsenic | ||||||||||
| 0.99 | 0.88, 1.11 | 0.97 | 0.85, 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.87, 1.15 | 1.04 | 0.93, 1.16 | 0.99 | 0.86, 1.14 | |
| Measure of Arsenic Toxicokinetics (principle component analysis score) | ||||||||||
| 0.90 | 0.81, 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.88, 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.88, 1.07 | -- | -- | 0.98 | 0.89, 1.07 | |
| Doubling of Inorganic Arsenic and Arsenic Toxicokinetics Interaction | ||||||||||
| 0.97 | 0.94, 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.96, 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.96, 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.96, 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.97, 1.01 | |
Models are generalized estimating equation Poisson regression models for incident hypertension (defined as SBP ≥140 mm Hg, DBP ≥90 mm Hg, or taking hypertension medication), with exchangeable covariance conditional on family membership
Model 1: Adjusted only for arsenobetaine and log urine creatinine
Model 2: Further adjusted for age, sex, education, drinking status, smoking status, BMI, kidney function, diabetes status, physical activity, diet index, total daily caloric intake
Model 3: Further adjusted for study center
Model 4: Model 3, without adjustment for urine creatinine
Model 5: Model 3, without adjustment for arsenobetaine
Principle Component analysis score, not adjusted for urine creatinine.