Table 4.
Children With Down Syndrome With Poor Sleep Architecture Metrics.a
| Metric | Total (N = 397) | 1–2 y (n = 47) | 3–5 y (n = 274) | 6–9 y (n = 52) | ≥10 y (n = 24) | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep | ||||||
| Efficiency, <80% | 128 (32.5) | 19 (40.4) | 81 (29.8) | 16 (30.8) | 12 (52.2) | .09 |
| Efficiency, <90% | 297 (75.4) | 40 (85.1) | 197 (72.4) | 41 (78.9) | 19 (82.6) | .20 |
| Latency, ≥30 min | 134 (34.3) | 15 (31.9) | 92 (34.3) | 18 (34.6) | 9 (37.5) | .97 |
| Total sleep time, <360 min | 63 (15.9) | 6 (12.8) | 39 (14.2) | 8 (15.7) | 10 (41.7) | .005 |
| REM latency, <90 min | 135 (34.5) | 37 (78.7) | 82 (30.5) | 13 (25) | 3 (13) | <.0001 |
| NREM stage | ||||||
| 1 | 31 (7.9) | 5 (10.9) | 15 (5.5) | 6 (11.5) | 5 (20.8) | .02c |
| 2 | 102 (26) | 16 (34.8) | 69 (25.4) | 12 (23.5) | 5 (20.8) | .49 |
| 3 | 6 (1.5) | 2 (4.4) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0 | .21c |
| REM | ||||||
| Sleep, <20% | 136 (35.3) | 5 (11.1) | 94 (35.5) | 22 (43.1) | 15 (62.5) | .001 |
| Sleep, <10% | 11 (2.9) | 0 | 7 (2.6) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (8.3) | .18c |
| Cycles, <3 | 19 (5.2) | 0 | 9 (3.6) | 2 (3.9) | 8 (34.8) | <.0001c |
| Arousal index, >10/h | 300 (75.6) | 43 (89.4) | 202 (73.7) | 34 (65.4) | 22 (91.7) | .009 |
Abbreviations: NREM, non–rapid eye movement; REM, rapid eye movement.
a
Values are presented as No. (%).
b
P value comparing all 4 age groups.
c
Fisher’s exact test.