Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of mother–child dyads participating in Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Infant Development (n=294*)
| Mean (SD) | Min–Max | n (%) | |
| Maternal characteristics† | |||
| Continuous/ordinal | |||
| Age (years) | 28.9 (4.7) | 18–41 | |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 (6.9) | 16.98–49.77 | |
| Poverty to income ratio | 3.8 (3.9) | 0.04–44.6 | |
| Household size (persons) | 3.2 (1.5) | 1–11 | |
| Sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Index) | 6.3 (3.5) | 0–17 | |
| Categorical | |||
| Race | |||
| White | 180 (61.2) | ||
| Black | 75 (25.5) | ||
| Asian | 11 (3.7) | ||
| Mixed race | 8 (2.7) | ||
| Other‡ | 20 (6.8) | ||
| Hispanic | 29 (9.9) | ||
| Education | |||
| <High school | 8 (2.9) | ||
| High school | 85 (31.3) | ||
| Some college | 39 (14.3) | ||
| College degree | 70 (25.7) | ||
| Post-college degree | 70 (25.7) | ||
| Employed | 215 (74.9) | ||
| Married/living as married | 173 (60.3) | ||
| Medicaid status | 110 (42.1) | ||
| Nulliparous | 82 (31.3) | ||
| Smoking during pregnancy (any) | 23 (7.8) | ||
| Alcohol use during pregnancy (any) | 10 (3.4) | ||
| Paternal characteristics† | |||
| Age (years) | 30.9 (5.6) | 18–57 | |
| Race | |||
| White | 170 (59.9) | ||
| Black | 79 (27.8) | ||
| Asian | 5 (1.8) | ||
| Other‡ | 30 (10.6) | ||
| Infant characteristics | |||
| Female | 152 (51.7) | ||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.5 (1.6) | 27.7–42.7 | |
| Birth weight (g) | 3352.8 (495.0) | 2195–4654 | |
| Birth length (cm) | 51.1 (3.1) | 40–60 |
*n’s for individual variables may differ slightly due to missing data.
†At time of enrolment, with the exception of sleep which was assessed in the second trimester.
‡‘Other’ includes American Indian/Alaska Native and individuals self-reporting as ‘other’.
BMI, body mass index.