Table 1.
Characteristics of prevalence studies of shift work disorder.
| References | Country | Shift sample | Shift type | SWD A | Night work | n | n (Female) | n (Male) | Age range | Age M ±SD | T Prev % | RR % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anbazhagan et al. (2016) | India | Nurses | ≥1 year experience | ICSD-2 | Yes | 130 | 130 | Most 30–40 | 27.4 ± 2.6 | 43.1 | ||
| Asaoka et al. (2013) | Japan | Nurses | 2 and 3 shifts | ICSD-2 | No | 993 | 993 | 30.0 ± 8.0 | 24.4 | 80.5 | ||
| Barger et al. (2015) | United States |
Firefighters | At least 1 night past month | ICSD-2 | Yes | 5,771 | 9.1 | 58.6 | ||||
| Booker et al. (2020) | Australia | Nurses | Rotating or permanent work, ≥15 h per week | ICSD-2 | Yes | 202 | 192 | 10 | 21–65 | 35.3 ± 12.0 | 29.2 | 42.5 |
| Chen et al. (2020) | China | Nurses | 2, 3, and random | ICSD-3 | No | 637 | 637 | 16–24 | 17.8 ± 1.5 | 37.7 | 95.2 | |
| Di Milia et al. (2013) | Australia | Community | All, no required position | ICSD-2 | No | 1,163 | 623 | 540 | 18–75‡ | 45.3 ± 11.2 | 15.1 | 50.0 |
| Drake et al. (2004) | United States |
Community | Rotating and nights past 2 weeks | ICSD-2 | Yes | 449 | 10.0 | 70.1 | ||||
| Fadeyi et al. (2018) | Nigeria | Nurses | Rotating | ICSD-2 | Yes | 44 | 32 | 12 | 26–45 | 43.2 | 96.7 | |
| Flo et al. (2012) | Norway | Nurses | All, ≥50% position | ICSD-2 | No | 1,968 | 1,773‡ | 187‡ | 21-63 | 33.1 ± 8.1‡ | 37.6 | 38.1 |
| Francy et al. (2019) | India | Nurses | 3 shifts | ICSD-2 | Yes | 120 | 120 | 22–42 | 27.1 ± 3.9 | 15.8 | 80.0‡ | |
| Haile et al. (2019) | Ethiopia | Nurses | 2 and 3 shifts | ICSD-2 | Yes | 399 | 217 | 182 | 20–58 | 27.5 ± 5.6 | 25.6 | 94.3 |
| Inoue et al. (2000) | Japan | Industry | Not specified | ICSD-1 | Yes | 332 | 18 | 314 | 37.9 ± 10.2 | 33.1 | 86.1 | |
| Joseph et al. (2018) | India | Nurses | 3 shifts | ICSD-3 | Yes | 60 | 20–35 (91.6%) | 0.0 | ||||
| Kalmbach et al. (2015) | United States |
Community | Rotating | ICSD-3 | Yes | 96 | 60 | 47.9 ± 13.3 | 18.8 | |||
| Kerkhof (2018) | The Netherlands | Community | Rotating, permanent early morning, permanent night | ICSD-3 | No | 250 | 21–60 | 12.4 | ||||
| Kim et al. (2006) | South Korea |
Nurses | Rotating | ICSD-2 | Yes | 87 | 32.2 | |||||
| Lahtinen et al. (2019) | Finland | Airline | Early morning or night and evenings | ICSD-3 | No | 26 | 26 | 44.9 ± 9.0 | 65.4 | 100.0‡ | ||
| Li and Fan (2018) | China | Industry | Not specified | ICSD-2 | Yes | 335 | 31.3 | |||||
| Mizuno et al. (2016) | Japan | Flight controllers | ≥3 nights work per month | ICSD-2 | Yes | 30 | 1 | 46.7 | 71.2 | |||
| Rajaratnam et al. (2011) | United States, Canada |
Police | ≥1 night past month | ICSD-2 | Yes | 1,861 | 14.5 | |||||
| Shi and Fan (2018) | China | Nurses | Not specified | ICSD-2 | Yes | 664 | 17.8 ± 1.6 | 35.8 | ||||
| Stamatiou et al. (2016) | Greece | Health | Rotating, 32 h | ICSD-2 | No | 58 | 27–61 | 36.6 | 36.2 | 70.4 | ||
| Tangkumnerd (2018) | Thailand | Nurses | All | ICSD-2 | No | 205 | 193 | 12 | 22–55 | 32.5 ± 7.3 | 23.9 | 74.2 |
| Taniyama et al. (2015) | Japan | Industry | Rotating | ICSD-2 | Yes | 363 | 363 | 20–62 | 42.0 ± 8.8 | 62.8 | 82.0 | |
| Vanttola et al. (2020) | Finland | Hospital | ≥3 nights per month | ICSD-2, ICSD-3 | No | 4,814 | 4,381 | 19–67‡ | 42.8 ± 11.5 | ICSD-2: 24.1; ICSD-3: 7.3 | 69.0 | |
| Voinescu (2018) | Romania | Various | All | ICSD-3 | No | 488 | 351 | 137 | 18–65 | 32.6 ± 11.4 | 2.3 | 40.6 |
| Vora et al. (2019) | India | Doctors, nurses | Not specified | ICSD-3 | No | 216 | 31.8 ± 7.7 | 22.2 | 61.7 | |||
| Waage et al. (2009) | Norway | Oil rig workers | Swing | ICSD-2 | Yes | 103 | 5 | 98 | 19–59 | 39.8 ± 10.2 | 23.3 | 78.8 |
| Zaki et al. (2016) | Egypt | Nurses | 3 shifts and rotating | ICSD-2 | Yes | 150 | 150 | 20–35 | 84.0 | 53.6‡ |
ICSD, International Classification of Sleep Disorders; Prev, prevalence; RR, response rate; SWDA, shift work disorder assessment; Waage et al. (2009).
‡
Personal communication; Night work, whether or not all in the sample had a work schedule including night work.