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. 2021 Apr 1;9(4):e002343. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002343

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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ICOS pathway of peripheral T cells activated by MWA of breast cancer. (A) Unsupervised clustering of T cells in patients with early-stage breast cancer pre-MWA and post-MWA. Large cell populations are highlighted. (B) The relative mRNA expressions of the ICOS pathway in peripheral T cells before and after MWA (n=6). (C) MWA-induced Th1-type immune response via ICOS pathway. IFN-γ, interferon gamma; ICOS, inducible co-stimulator; IL, interleukin; MWA, microwave ablation; NS, not significant.