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. 2021 Apr 1;9(4):e001243. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001243

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Development of immune cells and immunosuppressive cells in the brain 29 days after GL261 inoculation. (A, B) Total number of CD8 T cells and the ratio of IFNγ-secreting CD8/total CD8 T cells. (C, D) Total number of CD4 T cells and the ratio of IFNγ-secreting CD4/total CD4 T cells. (E, F) percentage of MDSCs and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages in the brain. (G) Number of Tregs in the brain. The error bars represent the mean±SEM; n=7–9. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared with naive or to the specified group. (H) Principle of combining resection and pTOP7 vaccination for preventing GL261 recurrences. ANOVA, analysis of variance; GBM, glioblastoma; IFNγ, interferon-γ; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; pTOP, plasmid to deliver T cell epitopes.