Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Year | Country | Trial name | Study registration no. | Inhibitor | Number of patients | Median age (years) | Response rate | Disease control rate | Progression-free survival (months) | Overall survival (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| El-Khoueiry et al. (2) | 2017 | Global | CheckMate 040 | NCT01658878 | Nivolumab | 262 | 62 (Escalation phase) 64 (Expansion phase) |
0.20 (0.15-0.26) (Escalation phase) 0.15 (0.60-0.28) (Expansion phase) |
0.64 (0.58-0.71) (Escalation phase) 0.58 (0.43-0.72) (Expansion phase) |
4.0 (2.9-5.4) (Escalation phase) 3.4 (1.6-6.9) (Expansion phase) |
N/A (Escalation phase) 15.0 (9.6-20.2) (Expansion phase) |
| Feng et al. (6) | 2017 | China | N/A | N/A | Nivolumab | 11 | 55 | 0.64 (0.30-0.98) | 0.82 (0.55-1.09) | N/A | N/A |
| Zhu et al. (13) | 2018 | Global | KEYNOTE-224 | NCT02702414 | Pembrolizumab | 104 | 68 | 0.17 (0.11-0.26) | 0.62 (0.52-0.71) | 4.9 (3.4-7.2) | 12.9 (9.7-15.5) |
| Pishvaian et al. (14) | 2018 | Global | N/A | NCT02383212 | Cemiplimab | 26 | 65 | N/A | 0.73 (0.55-0.91) | 3.7 (2.3-9.1) | N/A |
| Deva et al. (15) | 2018 | Global | N/A | NCT02407990 | Tislelizumab | 207 | N/A | 0.12 (0.05-0.25) | 0.51 (0.36-0.66) | N/A | N/A |
| Finkelmeier et al. (16) | 2019 | Germany | N/A | N/A | Nivolumab | 34 | 65 | 0.12 (0.003-0.23) | 0.35 (0.15-0.55) | N/A | 3.6 (0-7.1) |
| Finn et al. (17) | 2019 | Global | KEYNOTE-240 | NCT02702401 | Pembrolizumab | 413 | 67 (Pembrolizumab) 65 (Placebo) |
0.18 (0.14-0.23) (Pembrolizumab) 0.04 (0.016-0.094) (Placebo) |
0.62 (0.56-0.68) (Pembrolizumab) 0.53 (0.45-0.62) (Placebo) |
3.0 (2.8-4.1) (Pembrolizumab) 2.8 (1.6-3.0) (Placebo) |
13.9 (11.6-16.0) (Pembrolizumab) 10.6 (8.3-13.5) (Placebo) |
| Yau et al. (18) | 2019 | Global | CheckMate 459 | NCT02576509 | Nivolumab | 743 | 64 (Nivolumab) 65 (Sorafenib) |
0.15 (0.12-0.19) (Nivolumab) 0.07 (0.046-0.10) (Sorafenib) |
N/A (Nivolumab) N/A (Sorafenib) |
3.7 (3.1-3.9) (Nivolumab) 3.8 (3.7-4.5) (Sorafenib) |
16.4 (13.9-18.4) (Nivolumab) 14.7 (11.9-17.2) (Sorafenib) |
| Scheiner et al. (3) | 2019 | Austria/Germany | N/A | N/A | Nivolumab/Pembrolizumab | 65 | 65 | 0.12 (0.04-0.21) | 0.49 (0.37-0.62) | 4.6 (3.0‐6.2) | 11.0 (8.2‐13.8) |
| Qin et al. (5) | 2020 | China | N/A | NCT02989922 | Camrelizumab | 217 | 49 | 0.15 (0.10-0.20) | 0.44 (0.38-0.51) | 2.1 (2.0-3.2) | 13.8 (11·5-16·6) |
| Choi et al. (9) | 2020 | Korea | N/A | N/A | Nivolumab | 373 | 59 (Regorafenib) 57 (Nivolumab) |
0.04 (0.01-0.07) (Regorafenib) 0.13 (0.08-0.19) (Nivolumab) |
0.47 (0.40-0.53) (Regorafenib) 0.39 (0.31-0.47) (Nivolumab) |
12.0 (9.1-13.3) weeks (Regorafenib) 7.1 (6.3-10.1) weeks (Nivolumab) |
30.9 (28.9-35.6) weeks (Regorafenib) 32.6 (21.7-42.9) weeks (Nivolumab) |
| Lee et al. (19) | 2020 | Korea | N/A | N/A | Nivolumab | 150 | 62 (Regorafenib) 61 (Nivolumab) |
0.06 (0.01-0.11) (Regorafenib) 0.17 (0.06-0.28) (Nivolumab) |
0.47 (0.37-0.57) (Regorafenib) 0.50 (0.35-0.65) (Nivolumab) |
N/A (Regorafenib) N/A (Nivolumab) |
6.9 (3.0-10.8) (Regorafenib) 5.9 (3.7-8.1) (Nivolumab) |
N/A, not available.