TABLE 2.
Comparison of procedural details a
| Randomized studies | Observational studies | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reynolds et al (2018) 12 | Nagao et al (2019) 13 | Nakamura et al (2019) 14 | Müller et al (2016) 15 | Nakamura et al (2019) 16 | ||||||
| UA (n = 150) | IA (n = 145) | UA (n = 100) | IA (n = 100) | UA (n = 421) | IA (n = 423) | UA (n = 64) | IA (n = 42) | UA (n = 105) | IA (n = 228) | |
| Morning session | 53 (53) | 58 (58) | 53 (53) | 58 (58) | 169 (40) | 166 (39) | — | — | — | — |
| Balloon‐assisted ablation | 46 (31) | 38 (26) | — | — | 39 (9) | 28 (7) | — | — | 105 (100) | 228 (100) |
| Adjunctive ablation lesion | 73 (49) | 77 (53) | — | — | 44 (11) | 49 (12) | — | — | 22 (20) | 55 (24) |
| Double transseptal puncture | 80 (54) | 83 (58) | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Procedure time, min | 186 ± 32 | 180 ± 39 | — | — | 149 ± 41 | 150 ± 39 | 126.6 ± 4.0 | 142.6 ± 7.3 | 151.5 ± 40.2 | 144.8 ± 40.0 |
| LA dwelling time, min | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 76.3 ± 33.9 | 80.2 ± 35.3 |
| Application time, min | 29 ± 12 | 31 ± 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Fluoroscopy time, min | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20.7 ± 0.9 | 21.2 ± 1.1 | ‒ | ‒ |
| ACT before heparin bolus, s | — | — | 151 ± 40 b | 124 ± 20 b | 134 ± 23 b | 119 ± 19 b | — | — | 338.6 ± 63.9 b | 290.5 ± 51.7 b |
| Total heparin dose, 103 units | 17.8 ± 6.5 b | 19.7 ± 7.5 b | 136 ± 60(U/kg) | 153 ± 61 (U/kg) | 12.9 ± 2.2 b | 13.8 ± 2.6 b | — | — | 7. 0 ± 2.1 b | 9.2 ± 2.7 b |
| Maximum ACT, s | 385 ± 54 | 378 ± 41 | 343 ± 77 | 338 ± 51 | 399 ± 66 | 358 ± 43 b | — | — | — | — |
| Minimum ACT, s | — | — | 235 ± 39 | 235 ± 30 | — | — | 307.3 ± 4.0 | 300.2 ± 7.6 | — | — |
| Mean ACT, s | — | — | 285 ± 44 | 280 ± 24 | 358 ± 49 | 330 ± 32 b | — | — | 342.1 ± 43.7 b | 305.6 ± 65.3 b |
| Protamine given | 137 (91) | 128 (88) | — | — | 405 (96) b | 371 (88) b | — | — | — | — |
| Protamine dose, mg | 56.1 ± 25.8 | 56.9 ± 24.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Cardioversion | — | — | 35 (35) | 33 (33) | — | — | 69 (46) | 16 (39) | 37 (35) | 77 (33) |
Abbreviations: ACT, activated clotting time; IA, interrupted anticoagulation group; LA, left atrial; UA, uninterrupted anticoagulation group.
a
Values shown are n (%) or mean ± SD.
b
Denoting a significant difference between groups.