Table 1.

Current evidence on subtrochanteric femur fractures

Study	Study type	No. of patients	Fracture type and observation	Results
Freigang et al16	Retrospective radio-morphometric case control study	61	Subtrochanteric femur fractures; uncomplicated healing within 6 months postoperatively vs. delayed union	At 6 months 29/61 (47.5%) rated healed, 32/61(52.5%) rated delayed union. In total 9/61(14.8%) required revision. At 12 months 48/61 (78.7%) rated healed without further intervention.
Xie et al 17	Meta-analysis	625	Subtrochanteric femur fractures; outcomes of intramedullary fixation vs. extramedullary fixation	Intramedullary fixation achieved shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter length of incision, and shorter length of stay. No significant difference for union time, rate of infection, rate of refracture, and rate of nonunion.
Horner et al18	Prospective study	644	Subtrochanteric and Intertrochanteric femur fracture; implant-related complications and mortality	Implant-related complication 9.9%. Most common complications included peri-implant fracture (4.2%), proximal thigh pain requiring implant extraction (2.0%), and lag-screw cutout (1.1%). 30-day mortality 9.5%.
Zhang et al19	Randomized controlled trial	180	Comminuted subtrochanteric femur fracture; compare the efficacy and safety of the proximal femoral anatomical locking compression plate vs. proximal femoral nail antirotation	Femur intramedullary nail resulted in better recovery of hip function good and excellent Harris hip scores (p < .05). There was no significant difference in complication rate (p > .05).
Hoskins et al20	Retrospective review	134	Subtrochanteric fractures; Cerclage wire use improved fracture displacement (3.2 mm vs. 8.8 mm), angulation and quality of reduction (p < 0.05).	Open reduction and the use of cerclage did not produce a negative effect in terms of fracture union.