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. 2021 Mar 30:1–11. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1903317

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This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 3. — Scheme of phytoconstituents action in SARS-CoV-2. (A) SARS-CoV-2 enters through oral and respiratory mucosal cells. (B) Inhibitor compounds block the binding of the spike protein to the ACE2 surface. (C) SARS-CoV-2 downregulates albumin levels. Compounds induce serum albumin levels regulation. Albumin induce the decreased expression of the ACE2 receptors. (D) Through the spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 surface and enters the cell epithelium, where it will fuse with the vesicle and release its RNA in the nucleus to reproduce. The new copies of the virus will be detected by T cells induced by compounds that bind to the spike protein to fight the virus’s action. (E) SARS-CoV-2 downregulates haptoglobin levels that induce thus, the presence of hemolysis. Compounds did not change haptoglobin levels. (F) SARS-CoV-2 induces increased CRP levels. Compounds decreased the plasma levels of CRP. (G) SARS-CoV-2 downregulates APO A-I levels. Compounds induce an increase in APO A-I concentrations