TABLE 2.

Descriptive statistics of study sample. Sample means (with standard deviation and range) or frequency (percent) of model variables, for 980 participants.

Variable	Mean (SD; range)
Age (years)	31.9 (3.99; 18–47)
	Frequency (%)
Race/ethnicity
White	868 (88.6%)
Hispanic, Latinx, or Spanish origin	48 (4.90%)
Black or African American	10 (1.02%)
Asian	28 (2.86%)
American Indian or Alaskan native	6 (0.61%)
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	3 (0.31%)
Other	17 (1.73%)
Location
Metropolitan area, >1,000,000	583 (61.8%)
Metropolitan area, 250,000–1,000,000	209 (22.2%)
Metropolitan area, <250,000	70 (7.42%)
Non-metropolitan area	81 (8.59%)
Household income
< $49,999	86 (8.86%)
$50,000—$99,999	298 (30.7%)
$100,000+	587 (60.5%)
Education level
Less than a bachelor’s degree	146 (14.9%)
Bachelor’s degree	356 (36.4%)
Degree beyond a bachelor’s degree	477 (48.7%)
Insurance coverage
No	6 (0.61%)
Yes	974 (99.4%)
Insurance cover preferred maternity care
No	48 (4.94%)
Yes	924 (95.1%)
Medicaid coverage
No	908 (93.3%)
Yes	65 (6.68%)
Previous birth (before pandemic)
No	496 (50.7%)
Yes	482 (49.3%)
Ever given birth at this location (before pandemic)
Hospital or hospital-based birth center	464 (96.3%)
Home or freestanding birth clinic	18 (3.73%)
Birth location during the COVID-19 pandemic
Hospital or hospital-based birth center	939 (95.8%)
Home or freestanding birth clinic	39 (3.98%)
In a car	2 (0.20%)
Novel future preference for community birth
No	922 (94.1%)
Yes	58 (5.92%)
Anticipate barriers to future care
No	930 (94.9%)
Yes	50 (5.10%)