Table 3.
Determinants of the acquisition of transnational linguistic capital.
| Model 1a | Model 2a | Model 3a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | R.SE | IRR | R.SE | IRR | R.SE | |
| Age (cent. 37 years) | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| Sex (rf. male) | 1.10*** | 0.02 | 1.11*** | 0.02 | 1.11*** | 0.02 |
| Migration background (rf. Swiss) | ||||||
| Swiss with migration background | 1.13*** | 0.02 | 1.11*** | 0.02 | 1.04 | 0.02 |
| Foreigner | 0.97 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.03 |
| Currently employed (rf. not employed) | ||||||
| Employed | 1.001 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.02 | 0.97 | 0.02 |
| Occupation (rf. professionals) | ||||||
| Missing | 0.94 | 0.04 | 1.02 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.04 |
| Managers | 1.00 | 0.02 | 1.04 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 |
| Technicians | 0.90** | 0.03 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 0.95 | 0.03 |
| Clerical support workers | 1.00 | 0.03 | 1.12*** | 0.03 | 1.09** | 0.03 |
| Service and sales workers | 0.84*** | 0.03 | 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.94 | 0.03 |
| Tradespeople | 0.75*** | 0.05 | 0.84** | 0.06 | 0.85* | 0.05 |
| Education of father (rf. sec. II) | ||||||
| Missing | 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.94 | 0.07 | ||
| Secondary education I or less | 1.07 | 0.04 | 1.03 | 0.03 | ||
| Postsecondary | 1.01 | 0.03 | 1.02 | 0.03 | ||
| Tertiary | 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.98 | 0.02 | ||
| Education of mother (rf. sec. II) | ||||||
| Missing | 1.06 | 0.09 | 1.05 | 0.08 | ||
| Secondary education I or less | 1.05 | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.03 | ||
| Postsecondary | 1.02 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.03 | ||
| Tertiary | 1.03 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.02 | ||
| Father: no. of foreign languages | 1.07*** | 0.01 | 1.07*** | 0.01 | ||
| Mother: no. of foreign languages | 1.02* | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Education (rf. secondary ed.) | ||||||
| Postsecondary | 1.05 | 0.03 | 1.05 | 0.03 | ||
| Tertiary I | 1.16*** | 0.03 | 1.14*** | 0.03 | ||
| Tertiary II | 1.20*** | 0.04 | 1.15*** | 0.04 | ||
| Highbrow cultural orientation | 1.02** | 0.01 | 1.01* | 0.01 | ||
| No. of trips to European countries | 1.004* | 0.00 | ||||
| No. of stays in different countries | 1.04*** | 0.01 | ||||
| Partner with different mother tongue | 1.14*** | 0.02 | ||||
| Social network within the EU | 1.05* | 0.02 | ||||
| Social network outside of the EU | 1.05* | 0.02 | ||||
| English native speaker (rf. no) | 0.72*** | 0.04 | ||||
| Multilingual (rf. no) | 1.12*** | 0.02 | ||||
| Percent of persons with same language | 0.999*** | 0.00 | ||||
| Highest qualification in Switzerland | 1.14*** | 0.03 | ||||
| Intercept | 2.40*** | 0.07 | 1.71*** | 0.07 | 1.48*** | 0.08 |
| Chi2 | 136.74 | 374.83 | 695.20 | |||
| Pseudo-R2 (Nagelkerke) | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.11 | |||
| AIC | 6088.23 | 6050.28 | 5984.38 | |||
| BIC | 6155.02 | 6194.99 | 6179.18 | |||
| N | 1,931 | 1,931 | 1,931 | |||
Source: Data from the Swiss EUMARR survey;
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.
How to read the table: The incident rate ratio (IRR) for a dichotomous variable is simply the ratio of the number of events of one category to the number of events in the other category. In model 1a it shows, for instance, that Swiss with a migration background are – ceteris paribus – expected to have a rate 1.13 times greater for the number of foreign languages than Swiss without a migration background. Each additional language a father speaks is associated with an estimated 7% increase in languages spoken by the respondent.