Table 6.
Summary of recent reported biomechanical energy harvesters.
| Reference | Year | Methods | Power [μW] | Advantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bai et al.[58] | 2018 | Wrist and heat motions | 50, 20 | Makes use of vibrations from real life activities |
| Li et al.[67] | 2010 | In vivo rat diaphragm/heart | – | Able to capture energy from a heartbeat and breathing of a live animal |
| Yang et al.[68] | 2009 | Human finger, motion of hamster | – | Using ZnO nanowires |
| Pozzi and Zhu[189] | 2011 | Bending knee | – | Frequency upconversion due to plucking of biomorph, rotational |
| Almouahed et al.[192] | 2011 | Knee implant | 11.37 | Self-powered instability sensor |
| Wei et al.[193] | 2013 | Lower leg | 51 | Impact driven frequency upconversion |
| Morais et al.[194] | 2011 | Hip prosthesis | 108.9 | Fits within an implant |
| Smilek and Hadas[190] | 2016 | Cochlear implant | 61–478 | Implantable within the skull |
| Dagdeviren et al.[177] | 2014 | Heart, lung, and diaphragm | 1.2 (μW cm−2) | Significant power from beating heart and expanding diaphragm |
| Pfenniger et al.[178] | 2013 | Pulsating artery | 2.38 | Flexible to use around arteries |