Table 1.
Representative Inhibitors of Ceramide Biosynthesis
| compd | target, *additional known target | pharmacokinetics | preliminary in vivo findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| SKI II (8)39,41 | DES1 (Ki = 0.3 μM in HGC-27 cell lysates), *SK1/SK2 | Orally available in mice | Showed a significant inhibition of tumor growth in mice bearing JC tumors following oral admin. |
| P053 (29)60 | CerS1 (IC50 = 0.54 μM against human CerS1) | Orally available in mice | Increased fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and reduced overall adiposity in mice fed a high-fat diet following oral admin. |
| 5989 | aSMase (IC50 = 0.32 μM in Huh7 cell lysates) | Distributed to the brain in rats (ip admin) | Improved depression-like behaviors of rats, reduced the cortical and hippocampal aSMase activity, and restored neurogenesis in the brain following ip admin. |
| DPTIP (95)135 | nSMase2 (IC50 = 0.03 μM against human nSMase2) | Distributed to the brain in rats (ip admin) | Attenuated IL-1β-induced ADEV release in in GFAP-GFP mice following ip admin. |
| PDDC (101)137,138 | nSMase2 (IC50 = 0.3 μM against human nSMase2) | Distributed to the brain in rats (oral admin) | Attenuated IL-1β-induced ADEV release in GFAP-GFP mice following oral admin and reversed cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice following ip admin. |
| 106139 | nSMase2 (IC50 = 0.5 μM against human nSMase2), *AChE | Distributed to the brain (sc admin) | Diminished IL1β-induced brain EV release in tau P301S (line PS19) mice following sc admin. |