Table 1.
Summary of literature review findings and article categorization based on addressed topics, methodological approaches and study location
| Reference | Study design | Study location | Sample size | Risk assessment | Risk management | Occurrence rates | Tools to assess PTSD |
| De Lucia et al. 2019 (17) | Cross sectional | United States | 526 | X | X | X | PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version |
| Somville et al. 2010 (18) | Cross sectional | Belgium | 152 | X | X | X | Impact of Event scale |
| Shi al. 2017 (19) | Cross sectional | China | 2706 | X | X | X | PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version |
| Carmassi et al. 2016 (20) | Cross sectional | Italy | 110 | X | X | TALS-SR | |
| Carmassi et al. 2018 (21) | Cross sectional | Italy | 42 | X | X | TALS-SR | |
| Baas et al. 2018 (22) | Cross sectional | Germany | 683 | X | X | Trauma Screening Questionnaire | |
| Shamia et al. 2015 (23) | Cross sectional | Palestine | 274 | X | X | X | Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist |
| Pajonk et al. 2012 (24) | Cross sectional | Germany | 487 | X | X | Posttraumatic Stress Scale, Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale, | |
| Jacobowitz et al. 2015 (25) | Cross sectional | United States | 172 | X | X | ||
| Luftman et al. 2017 (26) | Cross sectional | United States | 546 | X | Primary Care PTSD Screen | ||
| Colville et al. 2017 (27) | Cross sectional | United Kingdom | 377 | X | X | TSQ | |
| Hilton et al. 2017 (28) | Cross sectional | Canada | 219 | X | X | PTSD Checklist | |
| Lavoie et al. 2011 (29) | Cross sectional | Canada | 12 | X | X | Semi-structured interviews | |
| Lavoie et al. 2016 (30) | Cross sectional | Canada | 35 | X | X | PTSD Checklist | |
| Mishra et al. 2010 (31) | Cross sectional | United States | 105 | X | X | X | PTSD Checklist |
| Adriaenssens et al. 2012 (32) | Cross sectional | Belgium | 248 | X | X | X | Impact ofEvent scale |
| Hosseininejad et al. 2019 (33) | Cross sectional | Iran | 131 | X | X | Civilian Mississippi scale for PTSD | |
| Iranmanesh et al. 2013 (34) | Cross sectional | Iran | 400 | X | X | Mississipi scale for post-traumatic stress disorder | |
| Lee et al. 2015 (35) | Cross sectional | Australia | 196 | X | X | X | PTSD Checklist |
| Naghavi et al 2013 (36) | Cross sectional | United Kingdom | 147 | X | X | Impact of Event Scale-revised | |
| Hamama-Raz et al. 2016 (9) | Cross sectional | Israel | 125 | X | X | Impact of Event Scale-revised | |
| Wahlberg et al. 2016 (38) | Cross sectional | Sweden | 2165 | X | X | Screen Questionnaire Post-traumatic Stress Disorder | |
| Czaja et al. 2012 (7) | Cross sectional | United States | 173 | X | X | Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale | |
| van Steijn et al. 2019 (39) | Cross sectional | The Netherlands | 410 | X | X | Trauma Screening Questionnaire | |
| Nogalski et al. 2018 (40) | Cross sectional | Poland | 159 | X | X | Impact of Event Scale – Revised – IES–R | |
| Fjeldheim et al. 2014 (12) | Cross sectional | South Africa | 132 | X | X | Davidson Trauma Scale | |
| Wild et al. 2016 (41) | Longitudinal | United Kingdom | 386 | X | X | Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) | |
| Olashore et al. 2018 (42) | Cross sectional | Botswana | 201 | X | X | PTSD Checklist Civilian | |
| Joseph et al. 2014 (43) | Cross Sectional | United States | 453 | X | X | PTSD Checklist Civilian | |
| Zafar et al. 2016 (44) | Cross sectional | Pakistan | 179 | X | X | PTSD Checklist | |
| Ruitenburg et al. 2012 (45) | Cross sectional | The Netherlands | 458 | X | Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale | ||
| Huang et al. 2020 (46) | Cross sectional | China | 230 | X | X | Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale |