Table 4. Type of childbirth according to maternal and prenatal characteristics and childbirth by type of financing of childbirth in older women ≥ 35 years (n = 2,460), Brazil, 2011–2012.
| Variables | Public healthcare | χ2 p | Private healthcare | χ2 p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaginal/ Cesarean with labor (n = 871) | Prelabor cesarean (n = 723) | Vaginal/ Cesarean with labor (n = 93) | Prelabor cesarean (n = 773) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||
| Maternal schooling | < 0.0001 | 0.007 | ||||
| ≤ 7 years | 437 (62.6) | 261 (37.4) | 09 (25.7) | 26 (74.3) | ||
| 8–10 years | 145 (51.8) | 135 (48.2) | 07 (11.7) | 53 (88.3) | ||
| ≥ 11 years | 286 (46.8) | 325 (53.2) | 76 (10.0) | 687 (90.0) | ||
| Skin color | 0.014 | 0.352 | ||||
| White | 635 (57.2) | 476 (42.8) | 43 (12.5) | 302 (87.5) | ||
| non-white | 236 (48.8) | 248 (51.2) | 50 (9.6) | 472 (90.4) | ||
| Prenatal and childbirth characteristics | ||||||
| Same doctor PN and childbirth | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
| No | 831 (59.7) | 560 (40.3) | 45 (34.9) | 84 (65.1) | ||
| Yes | 40 (19.6) | 164 (80.4) | 47 (6.4) | 690 (93.6) | ||
| Adequacy PN | 0.113 | 0.494 | ||||
| Inadequate | 754 (55.7) | 600 (44.3) | 77 (10.4) | 666 (89.6) | ||
| Adequate | 117 (48.8) | 123 (51.2) | 15 (12.3) | 107 (87.7) | ||
| Search for healthcare unit for childbirth | < 0.0001 | 0.024 | ||||
| Yes | 202 (66.7) | 101 (33.3) | 09 (20.9) | 34 (79.1) | ||
| No | 669 (51.8) | 623 (48.2) | 83 (10.1) | 739 (89.9) | ||
| Summary measure of obstetric risk | 0.001 | 0.658 | ||||
| Low | 396 (61.7) | 246 (38.3) | 48 (10.9) | 392 (89.1) | ||
| High | 475 (49.8) | 478 (50.2) | 45 (10.6) | 381 (89.4) | ||
| Initial preference for the type of childbirth | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
| Vaginal / no preference | 654 (62.9) | 385 (37.1) | 70 (17.9) | 320 (82.1) | ||
| Cesarean | 217 (39.0) | 339 (61.0) | 22 (4.6) | 453 (95.4) | ||
| Parity | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
| Multipara without previous CS | 684 (75.9) | 217 (24.1) | 63 (44.1) | 80 (55.9) | ||
| Nulliparous | 68 (32,5) | 141 (67,5) | 16 (5,5) | 274 (94,5) | ||
| Multipara with previous CS = 1 | 107 (33,3) | 214 (66,7) | 11 (3,2) | 331 (96,8) | ||
| Multipara with previous CS ≥ 2 | 12 (7,3) | 152 (92,7) | 03 (3,3) | 89 (96,7) | ||
CS: cesarean section; PN: prenatal care.