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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2021 Apr 1;128(7):887–907. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318064

Figure 1: Schematic of the renin angiotensin system cascade and the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA).

Figure 1:

Renin, the rate-limiting step of the renin angiotensin system, is secreted from juxtaglomerular (JG) cells located at the tip of the afferent arterioles at the entrance to the glomerulus. Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I which is further cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate Angiotensin II. The actions of Angiotensin II are central to maintain homeostasis. The JGA includes the afferent and the efferent arterioles, the extraglomerular mesangium or Polkissen cells, and the macula densa.