TABLE 5.
Effect of maternal nutritional supplementation during lactation on breastfeeding practices, maternal BMI, and biochemical outcomes1
| Measure | Adjusted risk ratio or adjusted mean difference (95% CI)2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (n = 408) | Control (n = 408) | ||
| Breastfeeding practices | |||
| Exclusively breastfed (maternally reported) | |||
| At 1 mo (n = 390, 392) | 325 (83.3) | 319 (81.4) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) |
| At 3 mo (n = 392, 383) | 274 (69.9) | 244 (63.7) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.30) |
| At 5 mo (n = 388, 374) | 175 (45.1) | 129 (34.5) | 1.31 (1.04, 1.64)3 |
| Maternal anthropometry at 6 mo | |||
| BMI in kg/m2 (n = 386, 381) | 22.71 ± 3.92 | 22.13 ± 4.03 | 0.37 (0.09, 0.64)3 |
| MUAC in cm (n = 386, 381) | 24.98 ± 2.89 | 24.47 ± 3.0 | 0.36 (0.12, 0.60)3 |
| BMI <18.5 (n = 386, 381) | 45 (11.7) | 63 (16.5) | 0.76 (0.50, 1.15) |
| BMI ≥25 (n = 386, 381) | 100 (25.9) | 91 (23.9) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.28) |
| Mothers’ Hb concentration and proportion with anemia at 6 mo | |||
| Hb in g/dL (n = 371, 351) | 11.99 ± 1.16 | 11.62 ± 1.38 | 0.37 (0.19, 0.56)3 |
| Proportion anemic with Hb <12 g/dL (n = 371, 351) | 147 (39.6) | 195 (55.6) | 0.71 (0.58, 0.88)3 |
| Infants’ Hb concentration and proportion with anemia at 6 mo | |||
| Hb in g/dL (n = 368, 351) | 10.50 ± 1.22 | 10.37 ± 1.15 | 0.13 (−0.05, 0.30) |
| Proportion anemic with Hb <11 g/dL (n = 368, 351) | 242 (65.8) | 242 (68.9) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.14) |
Data are n (%) or mean ± SD, with outcome measures of adjusted risk ratio for proportion with breastfeeding outcomes, maternal BMI <18.5 kg/m2, and proportion of infants and mother with anemia; adjusted mean differences for maternal BMI, maternal MUAC, and hemoglobin concentration in infants and mothers. Hb, hemoglobin; MUAC, midupper arm circumference.
For breastfeeding proportion/hemoglobin concentration/proportion with anemia of both mother and infants, no adjustments were made; maternal BMI was adjusted for wasting at enrollment, maternal BMI at enrollment, and maternal MUAC at baseline; maternal MUAC was adjusted for maternal BMI at enrollment and maternal MUAC at baseline.
Denotes significant 2-sided P value (<0.05).