TABLE 4.
Body weight and blood pressure at baseline and changes compared with baseline at 12 and 24 mo according to equol production status in subjects in the soy protein group1
| n | Baseline | Δ at 12 mo, % | Δ at 24 mo, % | P change2 | P trend2 | P ANCOVA3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight, kg | |||||||
| Equol producers | 14 | 88.2 (80.6, 95.8)4,5,6 | 2.6 (1.3, 3.9) | 3.1 (1.1, 5.1) | 0.002 | 0.007 | <0.001 |
| Low-equol producers | 15 | 84.3 (78.5, 90.8) 4,6,7 | 1.1 (–1.5, 3.6) | 3.4 (0.4, 6.3) | 0.018 | 0.020 | |
| Nonequol producers | 8 | 81.0 (67.3, 94.8)4,5,7 | –0.04 (–2.9, 2.8) | 1.2 (–1.9, 4.3) | 0.479 | 0.401 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
| Equol producers | 13 | 140.2 (127.0, 153.3) | –3.6 (–10.5, 3.2) | –3.9 (–12.5, 4.8) | 0.287 | 0.221 | 0.252 |
| Low-equol producers | 12 | 128.3 (116.5, 140.2) | –0.3 (–7.7, 7.2) | 3.1 (–2.9, 9.2) | 0.416 | 0.166 | |
| Nonequol producers | 10 | 136.8 (126.5, 147.1) | –6.7 (–13.3, –0.1) | –8.2 (–14.4, –1.9) | 0.023 | 0.014 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
| Equol producers | 118 | 82.3 (76.3, 88.3) | –3.4 (–9.5, 2.6) | –3.2 (–10.2, 3.9) | 0.281 | 0.200 | 0.133 |
| Low-equol producers | 119 | 76.8 (69.6, 83.9) | –2.1 (–9.8, 5.5) | 1.1 (–5.2, 7.4) | 0.871 | 0.819 | |
| Nonequol producers | 88 | 82.2 (75.7, 88.7) | –4.8 (–11.0, 1.3) | –9.1 (–13.4, 1.2) | 0.022 | 0.018 | |
Values are means (95% CIs). Equol producers were defined as subjects with serum equol >20 ng/mL and low-producers as subjects with serum equol (2–20 ng/mL), whereas nonproducers had undetectable serum equol.
One-way repeated-measures ANOVA of change over time.
ANCOVA for difference in percentage change from baseline between the 3 groups at 24 mo, with age, height, and (for blood pressure only) weight at baseline as covariates.
P < 0.001; ANCOVA with age and height as covariates for difference among the three groups.
P < 0.001 for difference between equol producers and nonequol producers (ANCOVA with age and height as covariates).
P < 0.001 for difference between equol producers and low-equol producers (ANCOVA with age and height as covariates).
P = 0.455 for difference between low-equol producers nonequol producers (ANCOVA with age and height as covariates).
Two far outliers identified by the Grubbs test were omitted from the analysis; these outlier subjects did not have systolic blood pressure values that were outliers.
One far outlier identified by the Grubbs test was omitted from the analysis; this outlier subject did not have a systolic blood pressure value that was an outlier.