Table 1:

Characteristics of participants, Philadelphia, PA, 2007–2011

Characteristic	Control Participants (n=274)
Age, years, mean (SD)	17.9 (3.5)
Race
African American	98.5%
Caucasian	1.1%
Native American	0.4%
Currently enrolled in school
<18 years of age	99.1%
≥ 18 years of age	44.2%
Receiving As/Bs in school	39.1%
Skipped school in past year	41.5%
Ever been suspended or expelled	69.0%
Currently employed	35.8%
Currently participating in structured activities	72.4%
Drank alcohol in past 30 days	34.6%
Used marijuana in past 30 days	23.8%
Ever been jumped	56.1%
Ever in a fistfight	91.9%
Ever been to hospital because of a fight	12.8%
Ever carried a weapon	39.1%
Ever been shot	4.1%
Ever been in a gang	11.6%
Ever been on juvenile probation	17.7%
Ever chosen travel route based on safety	73.9%
Frequency of choosing travel route based on safety
Never	35.5%
Monthly	26.9%
Weekly	19.8%
Daily	17.9%
Neighborhood Environment Scale: perceived neighborhood disadvantage and disarray (range 0–20), median (IQR)	11 (8–13)
Things I Have Seen and Heard Scale: exposure to violence (range 0–13), median (IQR)	7 (5–9)