Table 1.

Descriptive statistics.

Variable	Native Hebrew speakers		Immigrants		All		Min	Max
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	D.
Demographics
Women	0.50		0.53		0.51
Age	41.91	15.53	49.16	16.36	43.45	15.97	18.00	74.00
Higher education	0.72		0.73		0.72
Above average income	0.20		0.24		0.21
Immigration age	0.00	0.00	13.38	12.21	2.41	7.30	0.00	62.00
Immigrant from the Former USSR	0.00		0.25		0.05
Political affiliation—left	0.30		0.31		0.30
Political affiliation—center	0.20		0.25		0.21
Political affiliation—right, other	0.50		0.44		0.49
Exam outcomes
Maths grade	0.63	0.30	0.63	0.31	0.63	0.30	0.00	1.00
Maths time (in minutes)	6.29	4.68	7.05	5.65	6.45	4.91	0.45	49.86
N	759		204		963