Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Apr 6;12(4):358. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03640-9

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — (1) EVs mediated intercellular communication requires targeting the receptor cells. (2) In the recipient cell, EVs will bind to the cell surface and initiate intracellular signaling pathways through receptor ligand binding. EVs may also be internalized by acceptor cells through multiple pathways, including macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolin-mediated uptake, and endocytosis via lipid rafts, as well as fuse with the plasma membrane of recipient cells. (3) EVs can release contents to the cytoplasm of the recipient cell by fusion with the plasma membrane and endosome membrane, and also direct transfer into the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria through the contact of these organelles with endosomes that contain internalized EVs. The most important outcome of EVs is targeted to lysosomal for degradation and also be possibly recycled. SNARE proteins are required for intracellular vesicles fusion.