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. 2017 Nov 1;17(11):1077–1111. doi: 10.1089/ast.2016.1538

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Copyright 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

PMC Copyright notice

FIG. 5. — (A) The effects of the Arg1 mutation on the WT physiological adaptation to the spaceflight environment. The heat map visualization of the 78 differentially expressed genes in the WT physiological adaptation to spaceflight (F^Wt : G^Wt), as arranged into Categories I–IV by the expression profiles in four comparison groups (F^Wt : G^Wt, F^Arg : G^Arg, G^Arg : G^Wt, F^Arg : F^Wt).

Independent Group, Category I—3 genes showed same expression behavior during the physiological adaptation to the spaceflight environment in both WT and ARG1 KO cells and showed no differential expression in either transcriptome. These genes showed differential expression in F^Wt : G^Wt, differential expression in F^Arg : G^Arg, no differential expression in G^Arg : G^Wt, and no differential expression in F^Arg : F^Wt.

Dependent Group, Category II—12 genes showed differential expression in the physiological adaptation to spaceflight in WT but were voided during the physiological adaptation to the spaceflight environment when Arg1 was mutated. These genes showed differential expression in F^Wt : G^Wt, no differential expression in F^Arg : G^Arg, no differential expression in G^Arg : G^Wt, and differential expression in F^Arg : F^Wt.

Dependent Group, Category III—12 genes showed differential expression in the physiological adaptation to spaceflight in WT cells and differential expression in the ground transcriptome between ARG1 KO and WT, matching the WT spaceflight expression level. These genes showed differential expression in F^Wt : G^Wt, no differential expression in F^Arg : G^Arg, differential expression in G^Arg : G^Wt, and no differential expression in F^Arg : F^Wt.

Partially Dependent Group, Category IV—51 genes showed differential expression in the physiological adaptation to spaceflight in WT cells alone. These genes showed differential expression in F^Wt : G^Wt, no differential expression in F^Arg : G^Arg, no differential expression in G^Arg : G^Wt, and no differential expression in F^Arg : F^Wt.

(B) The distribution of the genes across dependence groups with relaxed p value requirements.

Heat map visualization of the 78 genes differentially expressed in the WT physiological adaptation to spaceflight (F^Wt : G^Wt) across all group comparisons (F^Wt : G^Wt, F^Arg : G^Arg, G^Arg : G^Wt, and F^Arg : F^Wt) with increasingly relaxed p value stringency criteria clustered by the dependence pattern. The Category I, II, III, and IV of the respective dependence groups are same as defined in Fig. 5A. Dependent Group, Category V—genes were differentially expressed one way in the WT spaceflight-to-ground transcriptomes and the other way in the ARG1 KO spaceflight-to-ground transcriptomes, and were also opposite in patterns between WT and ARG1 KO within environments. These genes showed differential expression in F^Wt : G^Wt, differential expression in F^Arg : G^Arg, differential expression in G^Arg : G^Wt, and differential expression in F^Arg : F^Wt. The column in gray font corresponds to Fig. 5A and the gene distribution at the p value <0.01. The columns in black font summarize the gene number distributions showed on the heat maps. Abbreviations: ND = not detected; .02, .03, .04, .05 = stringency criteria of the p value <0.02, <0.03, <0.04, or <0.05, respectively.